Term
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Definition
| 1878 – to settle a debate whether a horses hooves leave the ground he took series photo |
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Term
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Definition
• 1839 - captured the first photos, made on thin copper plates
• Called Daguerreotype |
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Term
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Definition
• 1984
• “what the butler saw” machine |
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Term
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Definition
• 1891 – kinetograph and kinetoscope
• 1896 – vitascope
o the first projector system
• 1896 – projecting kinetescope
o A peep show device created by Edison
o Viewer paid a nickel, looked into a hole, turned a wheel and a very brief movie played. |
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Term
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Definition
• In 1905 two entrepreneurs from Pittsburgh Harry Davis and John Harris rented film, bought a projector, a screen and some chairs and started charging admission
• They charged $0.05 to come watch, hence the name Nickelodeon |
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Term
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Definition
• 1930s-40s
• With the depression, film was one of the most popular forms of mass entertainment, not much better for so little money |
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Term
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Definition
• Entertain, or amuse, by providing diversion and distraction
• Educate, as many documentaries do
• Persuade, or influence
• Enrich, our cultural experiences. |
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Term
| Four Characterisitics of Film |
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Definition
• Standardized lengths
• Realistic locations
• Realistic special effects
• Coherent plot structures |
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Term
| Ratings and Objectionable Content |
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Definition
• 1930s – stark realism and grim themes of the Great Depression, as well as cheerful musicals
• WWII – historical and patriotic themes and light comedies
• 1950s – lighthearted, comedies and Westerns, more explicit sexual themes
• 1960s – films began taking controversial issues
• to present – films now explore social issues, still time for light comedies and musicals |
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Term
| 7 Steps to Making a Movie |
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Definition
• Conceptualization
• Production
• Direction
• Performance
• Visualization
• Special Effects
• Editing |
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Term
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Definition
| Wilhelm Cooke and Charles Wheatstone developed first telegraph |
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Term
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Definition
Samuel Morse
− Electromagnet current of dots and dash over a wire
− Morse Code
− May 25th, 1844 first telegraph message: “What hath God wrought” |
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Term
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Definition
| First regular telegraph service connecting US and Europe |
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Term
| Significance of Telegraph |
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Definition
− The speed of communication was no longer limited to how fast people travel
− Information could not be flashed to a distant location at the speed of light, now it could |
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Term
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Definition
Guglielmo Marconi
− Wondered if you could systematically interrupt radio waves to communicate without wires
− 1899 created the American Marconi Company |
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Term
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Definition
David Sarnoff
• First idea for the radio music box
“idea is to bring music into the house by wireless…”
Wavelength would be changeable with the throwing of a switch or a press of a button
Amplifying tubes and a loudspeaking telephone all can be neatly mounted in a box |
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Term
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Definition
| AT&T – first network, connected New York and Boston |
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Term
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Definition
RCA had two networks, NBC Red and Blue.
Google of their time. |
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Term
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Definition
| CBS became the first big competitor to NBC |
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Term
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Definition
RCA sold NBC Blue, became ABC
Mutual Network served the smaller networks |
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Term
Radio History
The Big Four Networks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
− Required license to operate a radio transmitter
− Radio under government control |
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Term
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Definition
| o Federal Radio Commission |
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Term
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Definition
o Federal Communication Commission (FCC)
o Still used today |
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Term
| Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
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Definition
| o Deregulated more ownership limitations’ |
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Term
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Definition
1940s-50s
• Comedians
• Popular dance bands and singers
• Sports events
• Politicians
• News broadcasts
• Day time “soap opera” |
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Term
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Definition
Lowell Thomas began reading the news over the air
o Lowell Thomas was taken to court by newspapers to try and block him
• Public Domain was established, no one owns the news. |
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Term
Radio History
Fireside Chats |
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Definition
First time Pres. used mass media to talk to the people.
Broke down complex issues |
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Term
| Definition of Public Broadcasting |
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Definition
| government supported non-commercial radio and TV |
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Term
| 1967 Public Broadcasting Act |
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Definition
o Corporation for public broadcasting
o National public radio |
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Term
| Reasons for Economic Success, Radio and Advertising |
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Definition
• Relatively inexpensive compared to television to TV commercials
• Reaches local audiences
• Highly specialized
• Captive audience |
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Term
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Definition
• Satellite broadcasting
• Internet radio
• HD radio
• Digital radio
• Mobile radio |
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Term
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Definition
• Technology
• Communication platform
• Communication system
• Industry |
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Term
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Definition
o Created the Nipkow disk in 1884
− A small rotating disk with holes arranged in a spiral pattern that when spun would project images
− Central technology that was needed to start the evolution to TV |
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Term
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Definition
o 1922 – diagram for electronic circuits to transmit and receive moving pictures over the air, designed in high school
o was the first to send actual broadcast signals
o did it all independently in 1927
o patent disputes |
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Term
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Definition
o Worked on early television experiments in Russia
o Came to work for Westinghouse in the US
o Competed with Farnsworth to create an electric system
o Credited with inventing
− Iconoscope
− Image Orthicon Camera |
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Term
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Definition
| RCA builds television station in NYC |
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Term
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Definition
| 24 new licenses were issued by the FCC for television transmitters |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
− FCC stopped issuing licenses and building permits
− This was to avoid the chaos of early radio
− FCC Sixth Report and Order: prevents the signals of one TV station from interfering with those of another
− 1952 – Freeze is lifted and television spreads wildly by following the FCC guidelines |
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Term
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Definition
− Credited with developing the master antenna
− All occupants of one apartment could get a signal through one antenna |
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Term
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Definition
− Reduced the market share that watches network television
− Segmented the viewing population along the lines of taste and interest |
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Term
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Definition
| Charles Ginsberg invented the first VCR at the Ampex Corporation |
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Term
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Definition
− Brought pre-recorded programming to TV
− Producers could perfect programming before sending it over the air
− New revenue for the movie industry
Video sales
Netflix
Redbox |
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Term
| First Golden Age of TV (1952-60) |
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Definition
• Defined by a period of rapid growth
• Prevalence of high quality, dramatic programming
• Emergence of sitcoms, sports and variety shows form home viewing
• Television brought people together |
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Term
| Second Golden Age of TV (1960-85) |
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Definition
| • Characterized by the dominance of the network television • Emerging field of media effects research • Networks criticized for showing too much violence • There is still the debate of the value of TV programming • Newton Minow: “network television is a vast wasteland” |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Def. of syndicated programming |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Def. of Audience Attention |
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Definition
| more advertising money, eyeballs on the screen, more watchers higher advertising costs |
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Term
History of the Internet
In 1969... |
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Definition
| ARPNET, the first internet, is completed by the DoD. |
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Term
History of the Internet
Sig. of Cuban Missile Crisis |
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Definition
| Convinced gov. that we need more solid infrastructure |
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Term
History of the Internet
In 1979... |
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Definition
|
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Term
History of the Internet
In 1989... |
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Definition
| America Online is created |
|
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Term
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Definition
| Created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. World Wide Web. |
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Term
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Definition
| highlighted words and images inside a web page that allow the users to move from page to another without knowing the link |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| hypertext transfer protocol |
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Term
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Definition
| hypertext markup language |
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Term
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Definition
| animated images and advanced sound application |
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Term
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Definition
| o User generated content distinguishes the internet from all other mass media |
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Term
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Definition
o 2001 dot-com crash
− thought they needed to rebrand the internet
o highly interactive
o continually updated platform
o gets better with time
o mash-ups
− any form of participation where the user adds something
o cloud computing |
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Term
| Two Main Differences of Internet |
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Definition
o Ownership
− Internet – no one owns the internet
− Mobile phones – owned by major corporations
o Economics
− Internet – free access to information
− Mobile phones – people will pay for apps they have for free |
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Term
| Basic Revenues of Internet |
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Definition
Paid Content
Advertising
E-Commerce |
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