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| smallest particle of an element |
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| a substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances |
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| a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
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| a type of mixture in which te substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another |
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| matter that always has exactly the same composition,; and element or compound |
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| a process that separates materials based on particle size |
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| a change that occurs when some properties of a material change, but the substances in the material stay the same. |
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| a mixture that forms when sustances dissolve and form a homogenous mixture |
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| a mixture that contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles of a solution and the large particles of a suspension |
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| a process that separates substances in a solution based on boiling point |
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| a type of mixture in which the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another |
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| any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the compositions of the substances in the material |
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| a heterogenous mixture that separates into layers over time |
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| temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas |
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| a material's ability to allow heat or electric charges to flow through it. |
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| the energy an object has due to its motion |
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| the temeperature at which a material changes from a solid to a liquid |
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| the property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically wiht another substance |
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| change that occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances |
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| a materials ability to burn in the presence of oxygen |
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| the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but lacks a definite shape |
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| a state of matter in which some atoms have been stripped of their electrons |
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| the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume |
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| any property that produces a change in the composition of the material |
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| a state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape of volume |
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| the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering |
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Definition
| the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering |
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Definition
| the resistance of a liquid to flowing |
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Definition
| a solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture |
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Term
| Why are elements and compounds classified as pure substances? |
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Definition
| Every sample of them has the same properties because a substance has a fixed uniform composition. An element has a fixed composition becase it contains only one kind of atom. |
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| How do mixtures differ from pure substances? |
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Definition
| The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed. |
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| Main difference between solutions, suspensions, and colloids? |
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Definition
| Difference in the size of the largest particles. Solution is smallest, colloid is intermediate, and suspension is largest. |
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| What are some examples of physical properties? |
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Definition
| Viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density |
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| How can knowing the physical properties of matter be useful? |
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Definition
| Physical properties are used to identify a material, to choose a material for a specific purpose, or to separate the substances in a mixture. |
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| What processes are used to separate mixtures? |
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Definition
| Filtration (by size) distillation ( by boiling point) |
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| When does a physical change occur? |
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Definition
| When some of the properties of a material change, but the substances that make up the material do not change. Example, melt butter or slice a tomatoe or crumble a piece of paper |
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| When can chemical properties be observed? |
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Definition
| Only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances. |
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| What observations might indicate that a chemical change has occurred? |
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Definition
Change in color - Bananna browning
Production of a gas - vinegar and baking soda
Formation of a precipitate - curdling of milk |
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| What is the difference between chemical and physical changes? |
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Definition
| In a chemical change, the composition of the matter changes. In a physical change, the composition of matter remains the same. |
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Term
| How can shape and volume be used to classify materials? |
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Definition
| Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definiet or variable. |
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Term
| How can kinetic theory and forces of attraction be used to explain te behavior of gases, liquids, and solids? |
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Definition
| There are forces of attraction among particles in all matter. In a gas, te constant motion of particles allows gas to fill a container of any size or shape. A liquid takes the shape of its container because particles in a liquid can flow to a new locations. The volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles close together. Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations. |
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