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| the position of something on Earth's surface |
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| the physical gap or distance between two objects |
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| the relationship between the size of an object/distance between objects on a map and the size of the actual object/distance on Earth's surface |
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| a specific point on Earth with human and physical characteristics that distinguish it from other points |
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| the arrangement of objects on Earth's surface in relationship to one another |
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| the organization of Earth's surface into distinct areas that are viewed as different from other areas |
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| the expansion of economic, political, and cultural activities to the point that they reach and have impact on many areas of the world |
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| location of places, people, events. and connections among places and landscape |
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| overall appearance of an area that's shaped by both human and natural influences |
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| the art and science of map-making |
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| a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the built environment, with particular reference to the causes and consequences of the spatial distribution of human activity on the Earth's surface |
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| focuses on the natural environment |
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| patterns of both natural and human environments, distributions of people, locations of all kinds of objects |
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| exact location of a place on a mathematical grid of the Earth |
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| arc drawn between the North and South Poles that measures longitude |
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| a numbering system that calculates distance east and west |
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| O degree longitude at the observatory in Greenwich, England |
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| a circle drawn around the globe, measures latitude |
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| an imaginary circle that lies exactly halfway between the North and South poles |
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| distance North and South of the Equator |
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| spots relative to other human and physical features on the landscape |
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| things like maps to refer back to |
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| method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map |
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| a projection to help navigating ships across to Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the Americas |
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| tries to correct for this distortion in the high north and south latitudes by curing these areas inward on the paper |
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| a map that focuses on keeping land masses equal in area. Controversial, but it corrects misconceptions based on the Mercator + Robinson projections. |
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| a special type of map designed to reveal the nature of local topography |
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| ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground |
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| which phenomena at one level influence those at other levels |
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| region that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred as local time |
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| time as reckoned in a particular region |
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| standard time at the Prime Meridian |
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| pushes the clock forward one hour in the spring in order to allow people to enjoy more sunlight |
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| divides the world from pole to pole thru the Pacific Ocean, 180 degrees |
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| based on the position of the Sun in the sky as the day progresses |
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| unique location of a geographic feature |
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| Global Positioning System uses a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers to determine precise locations on Earth |
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| location, physical +human transformed characteristics of a place |
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| refers to relative location |
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| pattern is along straight lines |
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| if objects circle another object |
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| if no regular distribution is visible |
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| reflects a rectangular system of land survey adopted Ordinance of 1785 |
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| areas that have spatial regularities |
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| uniform regions, has striking similarities |
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| nodal regions, areas organized around cores/nodes |
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| distinct characteristics that lessen in intensity as one travels into the periphery |
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| places that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity |
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| the changes that rapid connections among places have brought |
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| multi-national corporations |
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| centers of operations in many parts of the globe |
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| computer system that captures, stores, analyzes, displays data |
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| Circular/centralized pattern |
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| objects circle another object, such as, in an Islamic city where houses, and public buildings may circle around the mosque. |
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| the modification of the natural landscape by human activities. |
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| Greek scholar who worked in the third century B.C.E., accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth by measuring the sun's angles at the summer solstice at two points along the Nile River - Alexandria and Syene. He used geometry to conclude the circumference based on the distance between the two cities and the angle of the sun at each place. |
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| an 11th century Arab geographer, worked for the king of Sicily to collect geographical information into a remarkably accurate representation of the world. Under Idrisi's direction, an academy of geographers gathered maps, consulted mariners and travelers, and went out on their own scientific expeditions. Although the final world map that they assembled is lost, much of the information and many partial and sectional maps have survived. |
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| German philosopher and geographer of the 1700s, defined geography as the study of interrelated spatial patterns - the description and explanation of differences and similarities betweeen one region and another. |
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| a 19th century American geographer, is best known for his classic work, "Man and Nature," published in 1864. He focused on the impact of human actions on the natural environment, so his thinking is basic to the field of Human Geography. He emphasized human destruction of the environment, and used the conversion of ancient Mesopotamia from a "Fertile Crescent" to a vast barren desert. Marsh's message is a familiar one to us today: Conserve the earth, or live to pay the disastrous consequences. |
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| Greek scholar who lived 500 years later than Eratosthenes, recalculated the circumference of the earth to be much smaller - by about 9,000 miles. He was wrong, but his mistake was taken as truth for hundreds of years. Despite his famous miscalculations, his "Guide to Geography" included many rough maps of landmasses and bodies of water, and he developed a global grid system that was a forerunner to our modern system of latitude and longitude. |
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| an early 20th century geographer from California, shaped the field of Human Geography by arguing that cultural landscapes (produces of interactions between humans and their environments) should be the main focus of geographic study. His methods of landscape analysis provided a lens for interpreting cultural landscapes as directly and indirectly altered over time as a result of human activity. His study is basic to environmental geography, a field that centers on the interaction of human and physical geography. |
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