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| anything that has mass and occupies space |
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| a property that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the sample of matter |
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| the mass per unit volume of a given material that is often expressed a g/cm3 |
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| the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid; it is the same value as its melting point |
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| a solution in which water is the solvent |
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| a combination of materials in which each material retains its separate identity |
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| a mixture that is not uniform throughout |
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| a mixture containing large, dispersed solid particles that can settle out or be separated by filtration. |
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| the scattering of a beam of light caused by reflection from suspended particles |
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| a mixture containing solid particles small enough to remain suspended and not settle out |
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| a mixture that is uniform throughout; in other words, a solution |
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| a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
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| the dissolved species in a solution; the solute is usually the smaller component in a solution. |
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| the dissolving agent in a solution; the solvent is usually the larger component in a solution. |
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| the realm of unseen atoms, molecules, and ions in contrast to observable macroscopic entities |
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| the smallest particle possessing the properties of an element |
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| the fundamental chemical substances from which all other substances are made |
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| a substance composed of two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportions; a compound cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means |
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| an element or compound; that is, a material with a uniform, definite composition and distinct properties |
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| the smallest particle of a substance retaining all the properties of that substance |
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| large enough to be seen by an unaided eye |
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| an abbreviation of an element's name, such a N for nitrogen or Fe for iron. |
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| periodic table of the elements |
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| an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number, such that elements with similar properties are located in the same vertical column (group) |
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| a symbolic expression representing the elements contained in a substance, together with subscripts that indicate the relative numbers of atoms of each element. |
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| the number printed below the line of type indicating the total atoms of a given element in a chemical formula. |
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| a symbolic expression summarizing a chemical reaction, such as 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) -> 2 H2O (g) |
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| the process of forming new substances from reactants the involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds |
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| starting materials in a chemical reaction |
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| substances formed in a chemical reaction |
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| a molecule made up of two atoms, such as chlorine gas, Cl2, or carbon monoxide, CO |
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| a particle possessing a positive electrical charge that is found in the nuclei of all atoms; the total protons in an element's atom equals its atomic number |
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| a particle possessing a negative electrical charge; electrons surround the nuclei of atoms |
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| a particle without electrical charge; found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms; negative ions are called anions, and positive ions are called cations |
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| a substance composed of positive and negative ions |
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| a laboratory test giving a positive result if a particular chemical species is present |
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| an insoluble solid substance that has separated from a solution |
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| a chemical test indicating the presence or absence of an element, ion, or compound in a sample |
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| a chemical test indicating the amount or concentration of an element, ion, or compound in a sample |
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| a solution of known composition used as a comparison in chemical tests |
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| objective pieces of information, such as information gathered in a laboratory investigation |
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