Trade Name: Pronestyl

Generic Name: Procainamide

Classification: anti-arrhythmic

Dosage: 100 mg/ml

             500 mg/ml 

Route: Injection

Indication: ventricular arrhythmia(VA), changes arterial fibrillation(AF), and arterial fibrillation/flutter(AF/L) to normal sinus rhythem.
Effects on body: increase ventricular depolarization (QRS interval), increase duration of ventricular electrical activity (Q-T interval). decrease Phase 0
increase action potential (AP)
Side effects: cardiac dysrhythmia, VA, Torsades de Pointes, Lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, bradyarrhythmia

Trade Name: Xylocaine

Generic Name: Lidocaine

Classification: antiarrhythmic

Dosage:

0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 4%

Route: Injection

Indication: VA, ventricular tachycardia (VT)

Body: decrease conduction in myocardium
decreases Phase 0, Shortens AP

Side effects: seizures, muscle tremors, insomnia, drowsiness, atazia, cardiac arrest, dyspnea, torsades de pointes, bradyarrhythmia

Trade Name: Rythmol 

Generic Name: Propafenone

Classification: antiarrhythmic

Dosage: 150mg, 225mg, 300mg, 325 mg,

               425mg

Route: PO

Indication: AF, AF/L, PSVT
Body: increase QRS, increase Q-T interval, maintain sinus rhythm. 1st line agent for AF. non-selective Beta Blocker; may inhibit bronchodialation so don't use on asthma or bronchospastic patients
Decrease Phase 0
Side effects: dyspnea, upper respiratory infection, torsades de pointes tachycardia CHF, VA, bradyarrhythmia

Trade Name: Inderal

Generic Name: Propranolol

Classification:  antidysrhythmic

Dosage: 20mg/5ml, 40mg/5ml

1mg/1ml

10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160mg

Route: solution, inj, PO

Indication: AF,AF/L, PSVT, premature ventricular contraction (PVC), hypertension, post-MI

Body: reduces chronotropic, inotropic and vasodialator response to Beta stimulation
Decreases Phase 4 (depolarization)

Side effects: CHF, bronchospasms, bradyarrhythmia

Trade Name: Cordarone

Generic Name: Amiodarone

Classification: antidysrhytmic

Dosage: 50mg/mL

                100, 200mg

Route: Injection, tablet

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Trade Name: Cardizem

Generic Name: Diltiazem

Classification: antidysrhytmics

Dosage: 30, 60, 90, 120

             180, 240, 300, 360, 420mg

             5mg/ml

Route: PO, Injection

Trade Name: Isoptin

Generic Name: Verapamil

Classification: antidysrhytmics

Dosage: 40, 80, 100, 120, 180,

200, 240, 300, 360mg

2.5mg/mL

Route: PO, Inj

How drug works in body: relaxes the blood vessels so the heart does not have to pump as hard.

Drug Uses:  Use to treat high blood pressure and angina (chest pain)

Side Effects: constipation, heartburn, dizziness, headache, and swelling of the hands, difficulty breathing or swallowing,and slow heartbeat.

Trade Name: Adenocard

Generic Name: Adenosine

Classification: anti-dysrhytmics

Dosage: 3mg/mL

Route: Injection

How drug works in body: slows down conduction time through the A-V node. 

Drug Uses: diagnose tachycardia or to help find the location of the fast heart rate.

Side Effects: SOB, headache, nausea, chest pain or pressure

Trade Name: Lanoxin

Generic Name: Digoxin

Classification: antidysrhytmics

Dosage: 0.05mg/mL

0.1mg/mL, 0.25mg/mL

0.125mg, 0.25mg

Route: Elixir, Inj, PO

How drug works in body: increases the amount of calcium and potassium in hearts cells, which then helps the heart contract more forcefully with each heartbeat.

Drug Uses: to treat heart failure, and irregular heartbeat (artial fibrillation)

Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, headache, loss of appetite, and diarrhea.

Trade Name: Epinephrine

Generic Name: Epinephrine

Classification: adreneric

Dosage: 0.15mg, 0.3mg

0.1mg/mL, 1mg/ml

Route: Autoinjector, Injection

How drug works in body: relaxes the muscles in the airways and tightening the blood vessels

Drug Uses: used to tx life-threatening allergic reactions caused by insects, foods, and medications.

Side Effects: angina, cardia arrythmias, dizziness, dyspnea, headache, hypertension, tachycardia, vasoconstriction

Trade Name:

Generic Name: Vasopressin

Classification: anti-duretic

Dosage: 20 units/ml 

Route: Injection

How drug works in body: controls the body's water, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure by influencing the water excretion by the kidneys.

Drug Uses: helps prevent the loss of water from the body by reducing urine output and helping kidneys reasborb water in the body.

Side Effects: slow or uneven heart rate, chest pain, tingling or loss of feeling in your hands or feet, swelling.

Trade Name:

Generic Name: Norepinephrine

Classification: B1 and alpha adrenergic

Dosage: 1mg/ml

Route: Inj

How drug works in body: alpha receptors the drug  causes constriction of blood vessels, increasing the systemic blood pressure and blood flow in the coronary arteries. Beta receptors stimulates the heart to beat faster and harder

Drug Uses: used when blood presure is extremely low

Side Effects: hypertension, muscle pain, numb feeling in your arms and legs, nause and vomiting, uneven heart rate

Trade Name: Cozaar

Generic Name: Losartan

Classification: Angiotension II Receptor Blockers (ARB)

Recommended Dosage: 25-100 mg 1-2 times/day

Route of Administration: Oral

How drug works in body: relaxes blood vessels, helps heart pump blood through body more effectively

Drug Uses: Treat HBP and congestive heart failure

Common Side effects: Dizziness and headaches, non-productive dry cough, rash

Trade Name:Atropine Sulfate

Classification: Electrolyte (anticholinergic)

Recommended Dosage: 1mg IV push along with epinephrine or vasopressins

Route of Administration: IV

Trade Name: Inamrinone
Classification: positive inotropic agent
Dose: 0.68 mg/kg to 1.2 mg/kg
Route: Injection

How works in body: produces a prompt increase in cardiac output due to its inotropic and vasodialtor actions.
Drug Use: short term management of CHF
Side effects: can cause allergic type reactions, ie anaphylactic symptoms

Trade Name: Dobutamine
Generic Name: Dobutrex
Classification: Sympathomimedic (CHF)
Dose: 20mcg/kg per minute
Route: IV piggyback

How works in body: Stimulates beta 1 receptors to increase myocardium contractility and Beta 2 to open airways and derease peripheral vascular resistance.
Drug Uses: pulmonary adema with systolic BP 70-100 and no S/S of shock.
Side effects: Phlebitis with infiltration, tachycardia,tachy arrythmias

Trade Name: Sodium Nitroprusside
Generic Name: Nipride
Classification: Vasodialator
Dose: 0.1-0.5 mcg/kg/min
Route: IV drip

How works in body: causes vasodialationby a direct effect on arterial and venous smooth muscles.
Drug Use: for reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive crisis.
Side effects: excessive hypotention and cyanide toxicity

Trade Name:Sodium Bicarbonate
Generic Name: Sodium bicarb
Classification: Alkalinizing agent
Dose: 1 mEg/kg bolus followed by 0.5 mEg/kg every 10  minutes
Route: IV

How works in body: increases plasma bicarbonate, buffers excess ion concentration, raises blood pH, reverses the clinical manifestations of acidosis.
Drug Use: used to treat metabolic acidosis can occur in severe renal diseases.
Side effects: metabolic acidosis, acute hypokalemia, co2 retention, and h2o retention.

Trade Name: Nitroglycerine
Classification: Antianginal agent
Dose: Spray-0.4 mg under tongue Tablet-0.4 mg under tongue
Route: Spray or Tablet

How works in body: it relaxes blood vessels , increasing blood and Oxygen to heart.
Drug Use: to treat angina in people who have coronary diseases.
Side effects: flushing, light headedness, dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth

Trade Name: Dopamine
Generic Name: inotropin
Classification: sympathomimetic, inotropic vassopressor
Dose:10-20 mcg/kg/min
Route: IV

How works in body: stimulates dopaminergic effectors, cardiac stimulations produce renal vasodialtion.
Drug use: Suddenly Serious Symptoms of Heart Failure, Decrease in the Amount of Work the Heart Does, Sudden Drop in Blood Pressure.
Side Effects: headaches,dysrythmias,chest pain, and nausea and vomiting.

Trade Name: Norvasc

Generic Name: Amlodipine

Classification: calcium channel blocker

Dosage: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg

Route: PO

Indication: angina, hypertension

Effects on body: reduces coronary vascular resistance and increases coronary blood flow. These actions increase oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue.

Side effects: headache, edma, anxiety

Trade Name: Toprol

Generic Name: Metoprolol

Classification: beta-blocker

Dosage: 25mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200mg

               1mg/ml, 5mg/5ml

Route: PO, Injection

Indication: acute myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure, hypertension

Effects on body: blocks beta₁-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle.

Side effects:  bradycardia, bronchospasm, dizziness, abdominal pain, AV block

Trade Name: Diuril

Generic Name: Chlorothiazide

Classification: thiazide diuretic

Dosage: 250 mg, 500 mg

Route: PO, Inj

Indication: ascites, edema, heart failure, hypertension, nephrotic syndrome
Effects on body: increase the excretion of water by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions at the distal renal tubule

Side effects: abdominal pain, dizziness, fever, gout, hypokalemia, hypochloremia

Trade Name: Lasix

Generic Name: Furosemide

Classification: loop diuretic

Dosage: 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg

Route: PO, Inj, Solution

Indication:  edema, heart failure, hypertension, pulmonary edma, renal imparitment

Effects on body: inhibits sodium and chloride resorption by competing with chloride for the Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Side effects: abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, constipation

Trade Name: Aldactone

Generic Name: Spironolactone

Classification: potassium-sparing diuretic

Dosage: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg

Route: PO

Indication:  ascites, edema, heart failure, hypertension, hypokalemia, pulmonary edema

Effects on body: effects of aldosterone on the distal renal tubules. Aldosterone antagonism enhances sodium, chloride, and water excretion, and reduces the excretion of potassium, ammonium, and phosphate

Side effects: abdominal pain bradycardia, fatigue

Trade Name: Catapres

Generic Name: Clonidine

Classification: central acting alpha2 agonist

Dosage: 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.3 mg

Route: PO, Inj, Solution

Indication:  hypertension, ADHD, severe pain

Effects on body: Stimulation of these receptors results in the inhibition of sympathetic outflow and tone. Suppression of efferent sympathetic pathways decreases vascular tone in the heart, kidneys, and peripheral vasculature; lowers peripheral resistance; and reduces blood pressure.

Side effects: abdominal pain, anxiety, bradycardia, confusion, AV block

Amrinone (Inocor) positive inotropic agent:

Route: IV Dose: Loading-0.75 mg/kg IV blus over 2-3 mins, may repeat in 30 mins

Maintenance-5-10 mcg/kg/min MAX 18 mg/kg/day

Indication: CHF

Body: inhibit myocardial cAMP, reduction of preload

Side effects: hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity

Nitroprusside Sodium (Nipride) peripheral vasodilator Route: IV

Dose: Loading- 3 mcg/kg/min Maintenance-0.3 mcg/kg/min MAX 10 mcg/kg/min

Indicaition: CHF, hypertension crisis, hypotension

Body: arterial and venous vessel dilation(decrease afterload and preload)

Side effects: hypotension, brady/tachyarrhythmias, cardiac dysrrhythmia, hemorrhage, metabolic acidosis, increase ICP, methoglobinemia, cyanide poisoning

Nesiritide(Natrecor)

cardiovascular agent

Route: IV

Dose: 2 mcg/kg IV blus followed by 0.01 mcg/kg/min continuous IV infusion

Indication: CHF

Body: Increase cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation. Dialates blood vessels

Side effects: hypotension, myocardial toxicity

Capoten(Captopril)

ACE inhibitor

Route: Oral

Dose: 6.25-12.5 mg TID

Indicaiton: CHF usually with diuretics and digitalis. hypoventilation, left ventricular cardiac dysfunction

Body: block conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II by inhibiting angiotension I converting enzyme

Side effects: hypotension, hyperkalemia, cough

Candesartan(Atacand)

angiotension receptor blocker

Route:Oral

Dose: 4 mg 1 X day double dose at 2 weeks- up to 32 mg/day MAX

Indication: Heart failure, hypertension

Body: vasodilation, decrease aldosterone secretions, h2o and NaCl retnetion, decreased afterload and remodel congested heart, prolong life in HF pts

Side effects: hypotension, pharyngitis, upper respiratory infection

Gemfibrozil(gemcor)

antihyperlipidemic

Route:Oral

Dose: 600 mig BID 30 mins before meal

Indication:prophylaxis of cardiovascular system disorders combined with lipidemia

Body: decrease plasma triglycerides, increase HDL concentration, decrease LDL

Side effects: abdominal pain, appendicitis, increase liver function, decrease plasma triglycerides, rhabdomyolysis

Trade Name: Amaryl

Generic Name: Glimepiride

Classification: Antidiabetic, sulfonylurea

Recommended Dose: 1, 2 and 4 mg

ROA: Oral tablet

How works in body: helps the pancreas to produce more insulin. It also helps the body's cells respond better to insulin, which results in a decrease in blood sugar levels

Drug Uses: tx of type 2 diabetes

Side Effects: Dizziness, N/V, headache

Trade Name: Actos

Generic Name: Pioglitazone

Classification: Anti Diabetic (thiazolidinediones) Recommended Dose: 15, 30 and 45 mg tablets

ROA: oral tablet

How works in body: decreases the amount of sugar released by the liver

Drug Uses: tx of type 2 diabetes

Side Effects: Headaches, muscle aces, swelling or fluid retention

Trade Name: Precose

Generic Name: Acarbose

Classification: alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Recommended Dose: 25, 50 and 100 mg tablet

ROA: Oral tablet

How works in body: slows the digestion of carbohydrates, helping to decrease the rise in blood sugar that usually happens after meals

Drug Uses: tx of type 2 diabetes

Side Effects: gas, diarreah, abdominal pain

Trade Name: Prevalite

Generic Name: Cholestyramine

Classification: bile acid sequestrants

Recommended Dose: 1 packet or spoonful twice daily ROA: Oral Powder

How works in body: It is a resin that binds to bile acids in the gut, thereby reducing its re-uptake as well as the uptake levels of cholesterol in the blood.

Drug Uses: lower cholesterol

Side Effects: constipation, indigestion, and stomach discomfort

Trade Name: Altocor

Generic Name: Lovastin

Classification: Lipid Lowering agent (statins) Recommended Dose: 60 mg tablet

ROA: Oral tablet

How works in body: blocks the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver

Drug Uses: lower LDL (bad) and raise HDL (good) cholesterol

Side Effects: N/V, diarreah, stomach pains

Prazosin-Minipress

Prazosin Hydrochloride

Antihypertensives

Oral Capsules

1mg,2mg,and 5mg

Body: Causes decrease in total peripheral resistance and was originally to have a direct relaxation action on vascular smooth muscle.

Tx for hypertension

Side Effects: Dizzyness, headache,drowsiness,palpations, nausea, and weakness

Hydralazine-Apresoline

Hydralazine Hydrochloride

Antihypertensive

Inj

2ml vial

Body: Lowers blood pressure by exerting a peripheral vasodialation through direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.

Tx for: Severe essential hypertension

Side effects: Headache, anorexia, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, palpatations

Amiloride- Mildamore

Amiloride Hydrochloride

Antikaliuretic- diuretic agent

tablet 5mg

oral

Body: Potasium conserving drug- reduce fluid retention. Hypertension adjunctive

Tx with thiazide diuretics or othere kaliuretic diuretic.

Side effects: Nausea, vomitting, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence, mild skin rash.

Acetazolamide- Diamox

Acetazolamide Sodium

Carbonic anydrase inhibitor

Injection

Body: Control of fluid secretion in tx of certain convulusive disorders. Adjundctive tx of edema due to CHF, epilepsy, glaucoma

Side Effects: Metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance

Body: Induces diuresis by elevating the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate, hinders tubular reabsorption of water.

Tx for: Acute renal failure, reduction of intercranial pressure, reduction of introcluar pressure.

Side Effects: Skin rash, breathing problems, vision changes, chest pain