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Unit 1: Epistemological Foundations of Sociology
What it is and how do we know what we know
20
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/08/2010

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Term
Peter Berger's three motifs of thinking
Definition
Debunking, Unrespectability, Relativization
Term
Peter Berger's Debunking
Definition
To be good, Sociology must go beyond conventional wisdom
Term
Peter Berger's Unrespectability
Definition
You must be equally interested in the "respectable" people and the "seedy underbelly of society"
Term
Peter Berger's Relativization
Definition
The ability to imagine the world as being different from what it is
Term
Society
Definition
A population organized to carry out the major functions of life
Term
Epistemology
Definition
The study of knowledge. How we know what we know.
Term
Social fact
Definition
Both coercive and bigger than you
Term
Agency
Definition
Our subjects have free will
Term
Determinative reasoning
Definition
Says that the subject WILL do something (as in physics and chemistry)
Term
Prohibitionist reasoning
Definition
Saying that the subject will PROBABLY behave a certain way (as in psychology and sociology.)
Term
Connection between agency and reasoning
Definition
Our subjects have free will. We can therefore not say with certainty that they will behave a certain way (determinative reasoning.) We can say that they will probably behave a certain way though (prohibitionist reasoning.)
Term
Ideographic level of reasoning
Definition
Concerned with in-depth details of one thing. (Historians use this.)
Term
Nomothetic level of reasoning
Definition
Concerned with the "Big Picture." (Sociologists use this.)
Term
Validity
Definition
Are you measuring what you think you're measuring?
Term
Reliability
Definition
Do you get the same results each time?
Term
Conceptualization
Definition
What do we mean? (ie: define "racism.")
Term
Operationalization
Definition
What are we going to count? How will we get the information we seek?
Term
Berger and Luckman's social construction of reality
Definition
Says that everything is just a social construction
Term
Berger and Luckman's process of understanding the social construction of reality
Definition
Externalization, Objectification, Internalization.
Term
Spuriousness
Definition
When the presence of a third variable makes a statistical relationship disappear
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