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Unit 1 Chapter 5
Statistics Through Applications 2nd Edition Starnes-Yates-Moore
22
Mathematics
12th Grade
08/16/2012

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Term
Bias
Definition
When the design of a survey systematically favors certain outcomes
Term
Confidence Statement
Definition
Consists of a margin of error(MOE) and a level of confidence(LOC). The MOE tells how close the sample statistic lies to the population parameter. The LOC tells what percent of all possible samples satisfy the MOE.
Term
Convenience Sample
Definition
Sample comprised of whichever individuals are easiest to reach. Example: surveying just your classmates
Term
Formula for calculating the margin of error
Definition
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Term
Margin of error
Definition
translates sampling variability into a statement of how much confidence we can have in the results of a survey.
Term
Nonresponse error
Definition
the failure to obtain data from an individual selected for a sample. People can refuse to participate or are unable to be contacted.
Term
Nonsampling errors
Definition
errors not related to the act of selecting a sample from the population.
Term
Parameter
Definition
A number that describes the population.
Term
Probability Sample
Definition
a sample chosen by chance. You must know which samples are possible and the probability each possible sample has. The probabilities do not have to be equal.
Term
Processing errors
Definition
Errors in mechanical tasks, like calculation errors or data entry errors.
Term
Random sampling error
Definition
the deviation between the sample statistic and the population parameter caused by chance in selecting a random sample. A type of sampling error.
Term
Rate
Definition
a percent or proportion
Term
Response error
Definition
occurs when someone gives an incorrect response, whether intentional or unintentional.
Term
Sampling errors
Definition
errors caused by the act of taking a sample.
Term
Sampling frame
Definition
the list of individuals from which a sample is chosen
Term
Simple Random Sample (SRS)
Definition
A sample chosen from the population in such a way that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen.
Term
Statistic
Definition
A number that describes a sample.
Term
Stratified Random Sample
Definition
The sampling frame is divided into groups (called strata) by a common characteristic (ie, gender, zip code, level of education). Take a separate SRS from each stratum and combine these to make the complete sample.
Term
Table of Random Digits
Definition
a long string of the digits 0 through 9 inclusive with two properties:

**Each entry in the table is equally likely to be any of the 10 digits 0 to 9

**The entries are independent of each other. In other words, knowledge of one part of the table gives no information about any other part of the table.
Term
Treatment
Definition
any specific experimental condition applied to the subjects of an experiment.
Term
Undercoverage
Definition
a sampling error that occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample.
Term
Voluntary Response Sample
Definition
The sample chooses itself by responding to a general appeal. Examples are write-in or call-in opinion polls and online polls
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