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Unit 16 - Male Genitourinary
test 4
61
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
04/18/2014

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Term
What are the types of urinary disorders?
Definition
- UTI
- Inflammatory
- Urinary Tract Obstructions
Term
What is an upper UTI?
Definition
pyelonephritis (kidney)
Term
What is a lower UTI?
Definition
cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis
Term
What is Pyonephritis?
Definition
pyo-pus nephros-kidney itis- inflammation
Term
What is cystitis?
Definition
Cyst - bladder
Itis - inflammation
Term
What is urethritis?
Definition
Ureth-urethra itis-inflammation
Term
What is prostatitis?
Definition
inflammation of the prostate
Term
What do urinary antiseptics/anti-infectives do?
Definition
Prevent bacterial growth
Term
What is bactericidal?
Definition
Kills bacteria
Term
What is a urinary analgesic?
Definition
Relieves the pain.burning associated with infections of the urinary tract
Term
What is hyperplasia?
Definition
an abnormal increase in number of cells
Term
What is pc?
Definition
After meal
Term
What is AC?
Definition
before meal
Term
What is atony?
Definition
Lack of tone/strength
Term
What causes a lower UTI?
Definition
E. coli, staph, klebsiella, pseudomonas
Term
Who is more at risk for a lower UTI?
Definition
Women
Term
What are the symptoms of a lower UTI?
Definition
pain and burning on urination, frequency, urgency
Term
What labs are drawn for a lower UTI?
Definition
urinalysis and a culture and sensitivity (C&S) prior to treatment
Term
What is urethritis?
Definition
Males most likely: prostatitis
Same symptoms
Term
What is a UTI?
Definition
Acute cystitis
Term
What is an upper UTI?
Definition
Acute pyelonephretis
Term
What causes an upper UTI?
Definition
E. Coli
Term
What are the symptoms of an upper UTI?
Definition
Chills
fever,
flank pain,
painful urination
frequency,
Urgency
Pyuria
Term
What are the labs drawn with an upper UTI?
Definition
Urinalysis with a bacterial count greater than 100,000 bacteria/ml
Term
Who is more likely to get an upper UTI?
Definition
Females
Term
Who is at greatest risk for a UTI?
Definition
1.) Females
2.) People with indwelling catheters
Term
What are the reasons indwelling catheters cause UTIS?
Definition
1.) Failing to maintain a closed drainage system (Wong, 2005)
2.) The catheter irritates the mucosal lining of the urethra and creates a portal of entry for microbes.
3.) The urine collection bag is a reservoir for microbes.
Term
What pH of urine decreases your chances for a UTI?
Definition
ACIDIC!
Term
What are the major groups of urinary antiseptics and invectives?
Definition
Bacteriostatic and tidal drugs like:

Nitrofurantoin (macrodantin)
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) (Bactrim,Septra)
Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxin (cipro)
Term
What is nitrofurantoin used to treat?
Definition
Treats especially E.Coli infections.
Term
When is nitrofurantoin/macrodantin absorbed best?
Definition
With food
Term
What are the side effects of nitrofurantoin/macrodantin?
Definition
GI distress, dizziness, HA, drowsiness
Rust/brown urine
Rash, pruritus
Term
What are the adverse reactions of nitrofurantoin/macrodantin?
Definition
If sudden-dyspnea, chest pain, cough, fever, chills-contact health care provider!
Super infection, peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, blood dyscrasias
Term
What are the nursing interventions with nitrofurantoin/macrodantin?
Definition
Take with food to decrease GI distress
Avoid antacids
Do not crush or open capsules
Shake liquid suspension well
Rinse mouth after taking drug
Do not drive or operate dangerous equipment
Increase fluid intake, cranberry juice, plums, proteins, prunes, vitamin C
Term
What is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole used to treat?
Definition
Used alone or in combination
Combination used to prevent trimethoprim resistant organisms

Treatment of acute and chronic UTI’s (broad spectrum) used for other infections too!
Term
What are the side effects of TSZ?
Definition
GI symptoms (N & V) and skin problems (rash and pruritis); Stephens-Johnson syndrome.
Term
What are the fluoroquinolones?
Definition
Nalidixic acid (NegGram), norfloxacin (Noroxin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), ofloxacin, lomefloxacin
Term
What are fluoroquinolones used to treaT?
Definition
effective against wide variety of UTI’s
Term
What are the side effects of fluoroquinolones?
Definition
: GI disturbances; insomnia
Term
What teaching should be included with fluoroquinolones?
Definition
Drink water
Interacts with Theophylline, Digoxin and anticoagulants causing toxicity
Term
What is phenazopyridine?
Definition
Relieves pain burning sensation frequency and urgency associated with a UTI
Term
What are the side effects of phenazopyridiine?
Definition
GI upset
TURNS THE URINE Red-orange
Can alter a urine glucose test
Long term use can cause: Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
Term
What is Bethanechol?
Definition
HAS A CHOLINERGIC EFFECT.

Used for urinary retention (post op) OR neurogenic atony of bladder
Term
What is the action of bethanechol?
Definition
Increases bladder tone
Stimulates-micturition (urination)
Term
Who should NOT use bethanechol?
Definition
People who have Peptic ulcers
Term
What are the side effects of bethanechol?
Definition
Green urine color,
bradycardia, hypotension, excessive salivation, GI distress, dizziness, fainting, bronchial spasms
Term
What is oxybutynin?
Definition
ANTICHOLINERGIC/ADRENERGIC DRUG

Direct action on smooth muscles to relieve spasms which inhibits bladder contraction
Term
What are the side effects of oxybutynin?
Definition
Drowsiness, tachycardia, dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation
Term
Who should you cautiously use oxybutynin in?
Definition
Avoid in narrow-angle glaucoma, cardiac, renal, hepatic, prostate problems
Term
What is tolterodine tartrate?
Definition
Control overactive bladder (anticholinergic effects)
Term
What are the side effects of tolterodine tartrate?
Definition
Drowsiness, tachycardia, dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation
Term
Who should cautiously use t.t.?
Definition
Avoid if client has narrow-angle glaucoma, cardiac, renal, hepatic, prostate problems
Term
What is benign prostate hyperplasia?
Definition
Abnormal increase in number of cells in prostate gland
Term
What is a pSA?
Definition
Prostate-Specific antigen (PSA) blood test to test for cancerous cells
Term
How is BPH treated?
Definition
Previously: only treatment=surgery
Now: Finasteride (Proscar) or Duastride (Avadart)
Term
How does Finasteride/Duastride treat BPH?
Definition
Shrinks the prostate gland- may take 6 months to shrink prostate
Term
What is another non medication treatment for BPH?
Definition
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Bladder irrigation
Term
What are the drugs used to treat BPH?
Definition
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
Term
What are the 5-alpha reductase inhibitors?
Definition
Finasteride (Proscar)
Dutasteride (Avodart, Duagen)
Term
What are the aa blocking agents?
Definition
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Alfuzosin (Uroxatrel)
Term
What are the side effects for both drugs used to treat BPH?
Definition
decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, hypotension, postural hypotension, fatigue and dizziness
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