Term
| What are the parts of a joint? |
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Definition
Nonsynovial or synovial joints
Cartilage
Ligament
Bursa |
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Term
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Definition
| a small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of viscous fluid |
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Term
| What is non synovial joint? |
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Definition
| immovable (sutures in the skull) |
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Term
| What are the parts of a muscle? |
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Definition
Fasciculi (fibers in bands/Structure of a skeletal muscle
Tendon
Skeletal muscle movements |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the parts of a shoulder? |
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Definition
Glenohumeral joint
Rotator cuff
Subacromial bursa
Acromion process
Greater tubercle of the humerus
Coracoid process |
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Term
| What are the parts of the elbow? |
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Definition
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Olecranon process of ulna |
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Term
| What are the parts of the wrist and carpals? |
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Definition
Radiocarpal joint
Midcarpal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Interphalangeal joints |
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Term
| What are the parts of the hip? |
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Definition
Acetabulum and head of femur
Anterior superior iliac spine
Ischial tuberosity
Greater trochanter of femur |
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Term
| What are the parts of the knee? |
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Definition
Femur, tibia, and patella
Suprapatellar pouch
Medial and lateral menisci
Cruciate ligaments
Prepatellar bursa
Quadriceps muscle |
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Term
| What are the parts of the ankle/foot? |
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Definition
Tibiotalar joint
Medial and lateral malleolus
Metatarsals |
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Term
| What are the parts of the vertebral column? |
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Definition
7 Cervical Vertebrae
12 Thoracic Vertebrae
5 Lumbar Vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| flat, triangular bone found in the lower back and wedged between the 2 hip bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| often referred to as the human tailbone |
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Term
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Definition
| The surface of the skin is divided into specific areas, called dermatomes. A dermatome is an area of skin whose sensory nerves all come from a single spinal nerve root. |
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Term
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? |
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Definition
| There are 31 pairs. There are 8 pairs of sensory nerve roots for the 7 cervical vertebrae. Each of the 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral vertebrae has one pair of spinal nerve roots. |
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Term
| What health history questions should you ask about joints? |
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Definition
Pain
Stiffness
Swelling, heat, and redness |
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Term
| What health history questions should you ask about muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What HHQ should you ask about bones? |
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Definition
Pain
Deformity
Trauma (fractures, sprains, dislocations) |
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Term
| What other HHQ should you ask? |
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Definition
Functional assessment (ADL)
Self-care behaviors |
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Term
| What should you do when inspecting the musculoskeletal system? |
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Definition
Size and contour of joint
Skin and tissues over joint |
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Term
| What should you do when palpating the musculoskeletal system? |
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Definition
Skin temperature
Muscles, bony articulations, area of joint capsule |
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Term
| What else should you test during the physical examination? |
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Definition
Range of motion
Muscle testing
Apply opposing force
Grading muscle strength |
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Term
| What should you do when doing all 4 aspects of a physical exam on the temporomandibular joint? |
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Definition
Inspect joint area
Palpate as person opens mouth
Motion and expected range
Open mouth maximally
Protrude lower jaw and move side to side
Stick out lower jaw
Palpate muscles of mastication |
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Term
| What should you do when doing all 4 aspects of a physical exam on the cervical spine? |
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Definition
Inspect alignment of head and neck
Palpate spinous processes and muscles
Motion and expected range
Chin to chest
Lift chin
Each ear to shoulder
Turn chin to each shoulder |
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Term
| What should you do when doing all 4 aspects of a physical exam on the shoulders? |
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Definition
Inspect joint
Palpate shoulders and axilla
Motion and expected range
Arms forward and up
Arms behind back and hands up
Arms to sides and up over head
Touch hands behind head |
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Term
| What should you do when doing all 4 aspects of a physical exam on the elbow? |
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Definition
Inspect joint in flexed and extended positions
Palpate joint and bony prominences
Motion and expected range
Bend and straighten elbow
Pronate and supinate hand |
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Term
| What should you do when doing all 4 aspects of a physical exam on the wrist/hand? |
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Definition
Inspect joints on dorsal and palmar sides
Palpate each joint
Motion and expected range
Bend hand up, down
Bend fingers up, down
Turn hands out, in
Spread fingers, make fist
Touch thumb to each finger
Phalen’s test
Tinel’s sign |
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Term
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Definition
| Your doctor taps on the inside of your wrist over the median nerve. If you feel tingling, numbness, "pins and needles," or a mild "electrical shock" sensation in your hand when tapped on the wrist, you may have carpal tunnel syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| You hold your arms out in front of you and then flex your wrists, letting your hands hang down for about 60 seconds. If you feel tingling, numbness, or pain in the fingers within 60 seconds, you may have carpal tunnel syndrome. |
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Term
| What should you do when doing all 4 aspects of a physical exam on the hip? |
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Definition
Inspect as person stands
Palpate with person supine
Motion and expected range
Raise leg
Knee to chest
Flex knee and hip; swing foot out, in
Swing leg laterally, medially
Stand and swing leg back |
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Term
| What should you do when doing all 4 aspects of a physical exam on the knee? |
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Definition
Palpate
Bulge sign
Ballottement of patella
Motion and expected range
Bend knee, Extend knee, Check knee while ambulate
McMurray’s test |
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Term
| What is the ballottement of patella? |
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Definition
indicates increased fluid in the suprapatellar pouch over the patella at the knee joint
apply downward pressure towards the foot with one hand, while pushing the patella backwards against the femur with one finger of the opposite hand. A "milking" motion is used with the downward pressure. |
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Term
| What is the McMurray's test of the knee? |
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Definition
| rotation test for demonstrating torn cartilage of the knee. A tear in the meniscus may cause a tag of the meniscus which may become jammed between the joint surfaces |
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Term
| What should you do when doing all 4 aspects of a physical exam on the ankle and foot? |
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Definition
Inspect with person sitting, standing, and walking
Palpate joints
Motion and expected range
Point toes down, up
Turn soles out, in
Flex and straighten toes |
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Term
| What should you do when doing all 4 aspects of a physical exam on the spine? |
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Definition
Inspect while person stands
Palpate spinous processes
Motion and expected range
Bend sideways, backward
Twist shoulders to each side
Straight leg raising
Measure leg length discrepancy |
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Term
| What are the inflammatory conditions of the joints? |
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Definition
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Ankylosing spondylitis (refers to inflammation of the joints in the spine) |
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Term
| What are the degenerative conditions of the joints? |
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Definition
Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)
Osteoporosis |
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Term
| What are the abnormalities of the shoulder? |
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Definition
Atrophy
Dislocated shoulder
Joint effusion
Tear of the rotator cuff
Frozen shoulder
Subacromial bursitis |
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Term
| What is joint effusion of the shoulder? |
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Definition
| A joint effusion is the presence of increased intra-articular fluid. It may affect any joint. Commonly it involves the knee) Many causes, trauma |
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Term
| What is a frozen shoulder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is subacromial bursitis? |
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Definition
| Subacromial bursitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the bursa that separates the superior surface of the supraspinatus tendon) |
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Term
| What are the abnormalities of the elbow? |
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Definition
Olecranon bursitis
Gouty arthritis
Subcutaneous nodules
Epicondylitis |
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Term
| What is olecranon bursitis? |
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Definition
| characterized by pain, redness and swelling around the olecranon, caused by inflammation of the elbow's bursa |
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Term
| What is subcutaneous nodules on the elbow? |
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Definition
| The term “subcutaneous nodule” is a medical phrase that can cover basically any sort of lump or bump that occurs beneath the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition characterised by pain, redness and swelling around the olecranon, caused by inflammation of the elbow's bursa. |
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Term
| What are the abnormalities of the wrist/hand? |
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Definition
Ganglion cyst
Colles’ fracture
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Ankylosis
Dupuytren’s contracture
Swan-neck and boutonniere deformity
Ulnar deviation or drift
Degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis
Acute rheumatoid arthritis
Syndactyly
Polydactyly |
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Term
| What is a colles' fracture? |
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Definition
| fracture of the lower end of the radius with backward displacement of the lower fragment and radial deviation of the hand at the wrist that produces a characteristic deformity |
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Term
| What is dupuyten's contracture? |
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Definition
| condition marked by fibrosis with shortening and thickening of the palmar aponeurosis resulting in flexion contracture of the fingers into the palm of the hand |
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Term
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Definition
| deformed position of the finger |
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Term
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Definition
| is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Having an abnormal number of digits (6 or more) can occur on its own, without any other symptoms or disease |
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Term
| What are the abnormalities of the knee? |
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Definition
Mild synovitis
Prepatellar bursitis
Swelling of menisci
Osgood-Schlatter disease(Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD)
Chondromalacia patellathe |
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Term
| What is Prepatellar bursitis ? |
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Definition
| synovial bursa situated between the patella and the skin) |
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Term
| What is swelling of the menisci? |
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Definition
| In older adults, the meniscus can be damaged following prolonged 'wear and tear' called a degenerative tear.) |
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Term
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Definition
| an overuse injury that can cause knee pain in teens, especially during growth spurts |
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Term
| What is chondromalcia patella? |
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Definition
| softening and breakdown of the tissue (cartilage) on the underside of the kneecap) |
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Term
| What are the abnormalities of the foot? |
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Definition
Achilles tenosynovitis
Chronic/acute gout
Hallux vagus
Callus
Plantar wart
Ingrown toenail |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal deviation of the big toe away from the midline of the body) with bunion and hammer toes |
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Term
| What are the abnormal findings of the spine? |
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Definition
Scoliosis
Herniated nucleus
pulposus |
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Term
| What is herniated nucleus pulpous? |
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Definition
herniation of intervertebral disk herniated disk; protrusion of the nucleus pulposus or anulus fibrosus of the disk, which may impinge on nerve roots.
SLIPPED DISK |
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Term
| What are the common congenital or pediatric abnormalities? |
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Definition
Congenital dislocated hip
Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
Spina bifida
Coxa plana |
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Term
| What is tallies equinovarus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Painless limp.
usually occurs in boys 4 - 10 years old. There are many theories about the cause of this disease, but little is actually known.
Without enough blood to the area, the bone dies. The ball of the hip will collapse and become flat. Usually only one hip is affected, although it can occur on both sides.
The blood supply returns over several months, bringing in new bone cells. The new cells gradually replace the dead bone over 2 - 3 years. |
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Term
| What is the sign of scoliosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Ankylosing spondylitis? |
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Definition
Hereditary, chronic inflammatory disease
Initially affects the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints |
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Term
| What is Lumbosacral radiculopathy? |
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Definition
| Herniated lumbar disc that irritates the corresponding nerve root |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum and facet joints that results in narrowing of the spinal canal |
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Term
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Definition
| Compression on the median nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Disorder of purine metabolism that results from an elevated serum uric acid level
Form of arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| Tickborne disease that can lead to multisystemic infection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the bursa |
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Term
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Definition
| Focal metabolic disorder of the bone. Paget's disease is a long-lasting (chronic) condition that causes abnormal bone growth. . In the early stages of Paget's disease, bone tissue is broken down and absorbed much faster than normal. To keep up with the rapid breakdown of bone tissue, the body speeds up the bone rebuilding process. But this new bone is often weak and brittle, causing it to break (fracture) more easily |
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Term
| What are the physical manifestations of Paget's disease? |
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Definition
| bone pain, deformed bones (bowed legs, enlarged skull or hips, or a curved backbone), and fractures |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful, nonarticular condition that leads to diffuse musculoskeletal discomfort |
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Term
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Definition
| Deterioration of the articular cartilage covering the ends of bone in synovial joints |
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Term
| What is rheumatoid arthritis? |
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Definition
| Chronic systemic inflammatory disorder of the synovial tissue surrounding the joints |
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