Term
| 2,400 to 2,700 mL/day of fluid intake |
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Definition
| Average fluid intake for an adult per day |
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| average fluid output for an adult per day |
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| an electrolyte that is not normally stored by the body and must be consumed daily to maintain normal levels; functions largely in controlling and regulating water balance; found in many foods |
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Definition
| Normal serum sodium levels are... |
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Definition
| Normal serum Potassium levels are... |
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Definition
| Electrolyte that is vital for skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle activity; maintaining acid-base balance; cont. to intracellular enzyme reactions |
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Definition
| electrolyte that is vital in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation, neuromuscular function, and cardiac function; forming bones and teeth |
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Definition
| potassium deficit; serum potassium level < 3.5 mEq/L (R/T GI losses of potassium through vomiting and gastric suction) |
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Definition
| potassium excess; serum potassium level > 5.0 mEq/L (can lead to cardiac arrest) |
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Definition
| Sodium deficit; serum sodium level of less than 1.35 mEq/L; Common electrolyte imbalance (affects brain, nervous system affected by cellular edema; serum levels below 110 mEq/L can lead to permanent neuro. damage) |
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Definition
| excess sodium in ECF; serum sodium > 145 mEq/L; neurological manifestations |
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Definition
| calcium deficit; total serum calcium level < 8.5 mg/dL; tetany with muscle spasms and parasthesias; numbness & tingling around the mouth and hands and feet; convulsions |
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Definition
| total serum calcium levels > 105 mg/dL; most often occurs when calcium is mobilized from the bony skeleton...dude. :D |
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Definition
| magnesium deficiency (serum magnesium < 1.5 mEq/L) - caused by chronic alcoholism; aggravates alcohol w/drawal (delirium tremens - DTs) |
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Definition
| serum magnesium level > 2.5 mEq/L due to increased intake or decreased excretion; often a result of overzealous Magnesium therapy |
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Definition
| decreased serum chloride level R/T excess losses of chloride ion through GI tract, kidneys, sweating; risk of alkolosis, muscle twitching, tremors, tetany |
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Definition
| associated w/ condition that causes sodium retention; serum chloride level > 108 mEq/L; Excess replacement of sodium chloride or potassium chloride are risk factors; manifestations include: acidosis, weakness, lethargy, w/risk of dysrhythmias & coma |
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Definition
| serum phosphate level < 2.5 mg/dL (poss. causes: alcohol w/drawal, acid-base imbalances, use of antacids that bind w/phosphate in the GI tract); manifestations: paresthesias, muscle weakness & pain, mental changes, poss. seizures |
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Definition
| serum phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL; phosphate shifts out of cells into ECF due to tissue trauma or chemo for malig. tumors, renal failure, or when excess phosphate is admin. or ingested (i.e., infants who are fed cow's milk are @ risk; people on phosphate containing laxatives or enemas); numbness, tingling around mouth and in fingertips, muscle spasms, tetany |
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Term
| Fluid volume deficit (FVD) |
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Definition
| occurs when the body loses both water and electrolytes from the ECF in similar proportions, so decreasd volume of fluid remains isotonic. Often called hypovolemia. |
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Term
| Fluid volume excess (FVE) |
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Definition
| occurs when the body retains both water & sodium in similar proportions to normal ECF (hypervolemia)...always secondary to an increase in the total body sodium content, inc. in total body water (water & sodium are both retained so excess volume of fluid is isotonic) |
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Definition
| same osmolality as body fluids (0.9% NaCl) |
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Definition
| higher osmolality than body fluids (3% NaCl) |
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Term
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Definition
| lower osmolality than body fluids (.45% NaCl) |
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Term
| 1,500 - 2,000 mL per 24 hours |
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Definition
| Normal urinary output for an adult over a 24 hour period |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal urinary output for an adult in an hour |
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Definition
| ions that carry a negative charge (inc. chlorine, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate) |
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Definition
| ions that carry a positive charge (inc. sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) |
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Term
| Colloidal Osmotic Presure |
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Definition
| a pulling force exerted by colloids that help maintain the water content of blood |
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Definition
| insufficient fluid in the body |
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Definition
| intense sweating (abnormal) |
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| agents that increase urine secretion |
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Definition
| the mixing of molecules or ions of 2 or more substances as a result of random motion; molecules move from a solution of higher concentration to a solution of lower concentration |
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| chemical substances that develop an electric charge and are able to conduct an electric current when placed in water; ions |
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| fluid found outside the body cells |
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Definition
| process whereby fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from one compartment to another (area of higher pressure to area of lower pressure) |
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Definition
| the pressure a liquid exerts on the sides of a container that holds it; also called filtration force; the force exerted by blood against the vascular walls (e.g., the artery walls); Fluids move from the area of greater pressure to the area of lower pressure. |
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Definition
| fluid that surrounds the cells, accounting for 75% of ECF, includes lymph |
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Definition
| the concentration of solutes in body fluids; determined by the total solute concentration w/in a fluid compartment; measured as "parts of solute/Kg of water" |
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Definition
| passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration; water moves towards the higher concentration of solute in an attempt to equalize the concentrations; this process is important for maintaining homeostasis & fluid balance |
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Definition
| the weight or degree of concentration of a substance compared w/that of an equal volume of another, such as distilled water, taken as a standard |
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Term
| Third Space Shifting (Third Space Fluid Shift) |
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Definition
| fluid shifts from the vascular space into an area where it is not readily accessible as extracellular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| the power of a solution to draw water across a semipermeable membrane; when 2 solutions of diff. solute concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane, the solution of higher solute concentration exerts a higher__________ ___________, drawing water across the membrane to equalize the concentrations of the solutions (fluids move from lower to greater pressure) |
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| Fill in the blank: influsing a __________ IV solution (3% sodium chloride) will draw fluid ___ of RBCs, causing them to _____. |
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Definition
| a ____________ solution through an IV will cause the RBCs to _______ as water is drawn _____ the cells by their higher osmotic pressure. |
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| electrolyte vital to intracellular metabolism, prod. & use of ATP, neuromuscular & cardiac function |
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Definition
| electrolyte found in gastric juice, reg. acid-base balance, buffer in exchange O2 & CO2 in RBCs |
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Definition
| vital to chemical actions of the cell, essential for functioning of muscles, nerves, RBCs |
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Definition
| reg. acid-base balance as essential component of carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system |
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