Term
| What is an infectious disease? |
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Definition
caused by microscopic germs (such as bacteria or viruses) that get into the body and cause problems. Some — but not all — infectious diseases spread directly from one person to another. Infectious diseases that spread from person to person are said to be contagious. Some infections spread to people from an animal or insect, but are not contagious from another human. Lyme disease is an example: You can't catch it from someone you're hanging out with or pass in the street. It comes from the bite of an infected tick.
**presence and replication of an infectious agent in the tissues of a host, with manifestation of signs and symptoms |
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Term
| What is a communicable disease? |
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Definition
carried by microorganisms and transmitted through people, animals, surfaces, foods, or air. Communicable diseases rely on fluid exchange, contaminated substances, or close contact to travel from an infected carrier to a healthy individual.
The disease might need a blood exchange via an injection, float along a sneeze in a movie theater, or get transmitted through childbirth. We understand their origin. Examples of communicable diseases include herpes, malaria, mumps, HIV/AIDS, influenza, chicken pox, ringworm, and whooping cough. Cancer, on the other hand, is not a communicable disease. |
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Term
| What diseases are food born? |
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Definition
-Hep A
-Noro
-Camphylobactor Enteritis
-Listeria Monocytogenes
-E. Coli
-Non-typhoid Salmonella |
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Term
| What is camphylocbactor enteritis? |
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Definition
| most common cause of bacterial food borne illness in the US. Often implicated in traveler’s diarrhea. Consumption of contaminated poultry is most common source of infection, although undercooked meats, ground beef, pork, cheese, eggs, shellfish, unpasteurized milk, and direct exposure to pets and farm animals have been implicated. Incubation period 2-5 days. Resulting diarrheal illness usually lasts no more than a week. Infection is a self-limited (doesn’t need treatment) |
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Term
| What is Listeria Monocytogenes? |
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Definition
| can cause listeriosis, an uncommon but potentially fatal foodborne bacterial disease. Most cases occur in pregnant woman, elderly, and people with weakened immune system, and can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe illness and death in newborn infants. People at risk should avoid deli meats, refrigerated smoked seafood, and soft cheese. Median incubation period 3 weeks. Listerosis often occurs within 1 week of eating contaminated food. |
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Term
| What disease is waterborne? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Chlamydia
-Syphilis
-Gonorrhea
-HIV
-Herpes
-HPV
-Hepatitis B&C |
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Term
| Describe the major means of transmission of communicable diseases. |
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Definition
| • Mechanisms of transmission of an infectious agent from a reservoir to another host include airborne, direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when microorganism are carried in the air in small particles, called droplet nuclei, at distances that exceed a few feet. Ex: TB |
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Term
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Definition
| - occurs through direct body surface-to-body surface contact and physical transfer of microorganisms between a susceptible host and an infected or colonized person (or animal). Ex: STD |
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Term
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Definition
| involves contact of susceptible host with a contaminated intermediate inanimate object, called a vehicle, such as a contaminated surgical instrument. Vehicles also include food, water, and contaminated hands that are not washed. Indirect also include vector transmission. Vectors are animals or insects that carry infectious agents. |
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Term
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Definition
| theoretically form of contact transmission, mechanism of transfer of pathogen to host is quite distinct. Droplets are generated from the source person primarily during coughing, sneezing, and talking, and are propelled a short distance through the air and deposited on the conjunctivae, nasal mucosa, or mouth of another person. Ex: measles, influenza |
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Term
| What is federal level health surveillance? |
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Definition
| the department of health and human services is the US public health infrastructure that develops policies to protect the nation’s health. |
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Term
| Surveillance for _________________________ diseases in the US consists of a variety of efforts at both the state and federal levels. |
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Definition
| infectious and/or communicable |
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Term
| What happens at state level? |
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Definition
| healthcare providers and health facilities are required to report certain infectious diseases to state health departments. State public health departments that monitor disease incidence and identify possible outbreaks within their states report these data to the CDC. Certain infectious and/or communicable diseases must be reported to the CDC. Also, the WHO through the global outbreak alert and response network and the WHO surveillance and response system, which provide international epidemic alerts and responses. |
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Term
| Outline prevention and control measures for sexually transmitted diseases. |
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Definition
| • Many components of an effective system for STD prevention, such as surveillance systems to measure STD incidence, public and private sector clinical services, and public education programs, have been put in place by the CDC to assist community/public health professional in the design, implementation, and evaluation of STD prevention and control programs. |
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Term
| What is the chain of infection? |
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Definition
1.) Agent
2.) Reservoir
3.) Host
4.) Portal of Exit
5.) Means of transmission
6.) Portal of entry
7.) Host |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of an agent to produce an infectious disease in a susceptible host |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of the agent to invade the host and replicate |
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Term
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Definition
| Severity of the infectious disease that results from exposure to the agent |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of the agent to produce specific immunity within the host |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of the agent to destroy body cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease infection or agent occurs when it because prevalent within a population or geographic area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Significant increase in infection or infectious disease beyond the exoected level in a certain population/area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Epidemic that spreads worldwide. |
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Term
| How is an outbreak defined by place? |
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Definition
| Use spot maps to identify concentrations of cases within certain areas, and this may show cluttering of cases. |
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Term
| How is an outbreak defined by person? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is an outbreak defined by time? |
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Definition
When!
Short term - hours/days/weeks
periodic changes - seasonal/cyclic
and long-term changes - extend over decades and reflect gradual changes. |
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