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| Physical material of the universe. |
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| The study of the properties of matter and the changes it undergoes. |
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| Main constituents of matter. Atoms constitute elements. |
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Collection of atoms chemically bonded. Each molecule has its own distinctive
identity and thereby properties, which are related to both the atoms involved and their 3-D shape. Atoms combine in definite proportions to make molecules, for example water (H2O) is the result of the combination of 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. |
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Collection of atoms chemically bonded. Each molecule has its own distinctive
identity and thereby properties, which are related to both the atoms involved and their 3-D shape. Atoms combine in definite proportions to make molecules, for example water (H2O) is the result of the combination of 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. |
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| Any that does not affect the identity of a substance, for example: changes of state (gas to solid, etc), dissolving sugar in water, etc. |
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| Any change that involves the transformation of a substance into other(s), for example: explosion of TNT, decomposition of meat, digestion of food within the digestive system, etc. |
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| Representation of a chemical entity according to the amount and proportion of atoms that constitutes it. |
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| A representation using chemical formulas to identify and quantify substances involved in a chemical reaction |
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| The chemical states of matter. |
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| Matter with fixed composition in a pure form. Elements (Gold, Silver, etc) and compounds (water, ethanol, etc). |
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| Combination of two or more pure substances. |
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| if uniform throughout, example: air, blood, soda pop, etc. |
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If mixture is not uniform. Example: sand, salads, orange
juice with pulp, etc. |
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| Physical Properties of Matter |
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| These can be measure without changing the substance. Example: density, color, boiling temperature, freezing temperature, etc. |
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| Chemical Properties of Matter |
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| Describe how a substance changes (reacts transforms) to form other substance. Example: flammability, acidity, oxidant, etc. |
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| Elements are composed of atoms, all atoms of an element are identical, atoms do not change their identity in chemical reactions, compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine. |
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| Law of Definite Proportions: Law of Constant Composition |
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| The relative kinds and number of atoms are constant for a given compound. |
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| Law of Multiple Proportions |
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| If two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, then the mass of B that combines with the mass of A is the ration of small whole numbers. |
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| Oil drop experiment. Determined charge of an electron and the mass of an electron. |
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| First model of the atom. Plum pudding model. |
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| Some substances emit radiation spontaneously. |
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| Model with protons and a nucleus and electrons moving around it. |
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| Discovered neutrons which are in the nucleus. |
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| Group 3-12 are transition metals |
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