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Definition
| 'Discovered' the previously unknown microbial world, dubbed the creatures 'beasties.' |
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Definition
| Heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls. |
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Definition
| Multicellular organisms which sporulate into long intertwined filaments. (Fungi) |
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Definition
| Unicellular oviods which reproduce asexually through budding. (Fungi) |
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Definition
| Single cell eukaryotes capable of motion. |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic eukaryotes, categorized by their pigmentation and cell walls. |
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Definition
| Provide most of the world's O2 through photosynthesis, and are a major food source for marine life. |
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Definition
| Most grow to a visible size, but their microscopic eggs can be found in blood, feces, urine,and lymph specimens. |
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Definition
| Acellular parasites composed of DNA and RNA, not visible under light micrscope. |
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Definition
| Spontaneous generation of life, theory proposed by Aristotle. |
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Definition
| Exposed meat to flies, theorized that "animals come from animals." |
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Definition
| His experiments confirmed the idea of abiogenesis. |
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Definition
| Disproved Needham's experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Put the idea of Abiogenesis to rest. |
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Definition
| His work solidified the scientific method. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accepted hypothesises which can explain many observations and be repeated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Necessary for an experiment to be identified as valid. |
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Definition
| Causes the formation of alcohol to sugar, the formation of lactic acid, and the putrefication of meat. |
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Definition
| Category of microbes responsible for fermentation. |
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Term
| Biotechnology/Industrial Microbiology |
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Definition
| Filed begun by Pasteur, microbes being intentionally used to manufacture products. |
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Definition
| His experiments demonstrated the existence of enzymes. He also began the study of biochemistry (study of cellular metabolism). |
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Definition
| Pasteur's theory, disease is caused by a specific pathogen. (only applies to infectious disease) |
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Term
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Definition
| Field founded by Koch, the study of causation of disease. |
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Definition
| Discovered disease which causes anthrax, grew multiple bacteria on agar plates. |
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Definition
| Took the first photomicrograph of bacteria, as well as the first photograph of bacteria in diseased tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used sterile lab techniques |
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Term
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Definition
| Pioneered the idea of a filterable virus - non bacterial pathogens which were small enough to go through filters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Infections which occur in a healthcare setting. |
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Definition
| Wanted med students to wash their hands, to rid them of "cadaver particles." |
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Definition
| Dressed and sprayed wounds with carbolic acid (phenol). |
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Definition
| Study of occurrence of distribution and spread of disease in humans, founded by Snow. |
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Definition
| Field founded by Jenner, using vaccines to prevent disease. |
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Definition
| Sold "magic bullets," after finding that different chemicals could be used to kill microbes differently. |
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Definition
| Study of metabolic reactions which occur in all living organisms. |
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Definition
| Study of genome sequencing and evolutionary relationships. |
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Definition
| Divided organisms into 3 groups: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The insertion or repair of missing or defective genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of blood serum. |
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Term
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Responsiveness
- Metabolism
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Response to environmental stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized structures within a cell. |
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Definition
| Gelatinous substance surrounding the outside of a cell, composed of polyaccharides or polypeptides. Helps to prevent against desiccation, and good for attachment of cells. Present in archaea, bacteria, and animal eukaryotic cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of glycocalyx, composed of organized repeating units which are firmly attached to cell surface, may prevent bacteria from being recognized by host. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of glycocalyx. Loosely attached, water soluble layers which no not increase the virulence of bacteria. |
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Definition
| Long structures which extend beyond the cell surface, responsible for motility. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of gobular proteins called flagillin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anchors the filament and hook to a cell wall by a rod and series of either two or four rings of integral proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Counter clockwise unified movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clockwise independent movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement toward favorable stimuli |
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Definition
| Movement away from negative stimuli |
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Definition
| Sticky bristle like projections all over a cell, allow for attachment to other bacteria or cells, ex. biofilms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slimy masses of microbes adhering to a substrate using fimbrae and glyocalyx. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows for the transfer of genetic information between cells. |
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Term
- N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
- N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)
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Definition
| Two glycan proteins which compose the peptidoglyan in bacteria cell walls. |
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Term
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Definition
- Have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, which contain techoic acids
- Negatively Charged
- Retains purple dye
- Techoic acids link to lipids, which form lipotechoic acids that anchor the peptidoglycan to cell walls
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Term
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Definition
- Contain a thin layer of peptidoglcan
- Asymmetric bilayer
- Lipopolysaccharide outer layer
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Term
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Definition
| The lipid portion of LPS, very toxic and cancause damage if the cell is destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| Space between outer and inner membranes, contains periplasam. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of bacteria without a cell wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain mycolic acid, which results in the need for an acid-fast stain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which can be described using the fluid mosaic model. Selectively permeable. |
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Term
- Diffusion
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Osmosis
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Definition
| Name the 3 passive processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement from high concentration to low concentration of small or lipid soluble chemicals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane proteins provide pathways for large or electrically charged molecules. Maintain the electrical gradient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins used in facilitated diffusion, which have a specific binding site for one substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Same water concentration across membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Higher concentration of solute vs. water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower concnetration of solute vs. water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transport of one substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transport of two chemicals in the opposite direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two substances moving in the same direction |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of one chemical's electrical gradient to transport a second chemical. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance being transported is chemically changed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mostly water, liquid portion of cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of cytosol, inclusions, ribosomes, and the cytoskeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| The region in prokaryotes which contains the cell's DNA(usually one circular ring), also the site of some chemical reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deposits in cytosol, whichcontain lipids, starch, N, P, or S.Used when nutrients are scarce. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vegetative cell transforms into this when under stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| The 8 to 10 hour process of endospore formation, can form centrally, suberminally, or terminally. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in cytoplasm, and the site of protein synthesis in bacterial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Numerous helical filaments on archaea, which 'hook' archaea to surfaces. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Cell replicates its DNA
2) Cytoplasmic membrane elongates
3) Wall forms, membrane invanginates
4) Wall completely forms
5) Daughter cells separates |
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Term
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Definition
| Reproductive process of some gram positive bacilli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Repoductive cells which can develop into clones of the original. |
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Term
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Definition
| Out growth of the original cell develops, and is eventually cut off. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reproductive development of small motile filaments, which leave parental cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reproductive process of only Epulospicscum, live offspring emerge from dead mother cell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Live in extremely saline environments.
Need > 9% NaCl to live
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Term
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Definition
| Pigments in halophiles which absorb light energy to pump proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
Convert CO2 and H2 to CH4
Largest group of Archaea
Responsible for major greenhouse gas |
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Term
| Deeply Branching Bacteria |
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Definition
| Autotrophs which "branched" off the tree of life very early, live in hot acidic environments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pigments located in thylakoids where light is absorbed for photosynthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygenic gram negative cocci which are Nitrogen Fixers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of organisms which generate oxygen using chrlorophyl a. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduction of N2 to NH3, ex. cyanobacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wall in a cell which eparates nitrogen fixation from oxygenic photosynthesis. |
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Term
| Green and Purple Phototropic Bacteria |
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Definition
| Use bacteriochlorophylls for photosynthesis,andare anoxygenic(don't generate oxygen). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Substrate Level Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| Transfer of PO4 3- to ADP from a phosphorylated organic compound. |
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Term
| oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| Energy from a redox reaction is used to transfer inorganic phosphate to ADP |
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Term
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Definition
| light energy is used to transfer inorganic PO4 3- to ADP |
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Term
| Yes, ADP is "rechargeable." |
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Definition
| Can ADP be used to generate ATP more than once? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that adds water in decomposition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes which rearrange atoms within a molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are Isomerases anabolic or catabolic? |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes which join 2 molecules together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Split large molecules without water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes which oxidize or reduce substrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes which transfer functional groups between molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes which require cofactors to become activated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non protein ions or coenzymes used to activate enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes made of RNA,they make protein enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The enzyme's functional site. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of glucose into CO2 and H2O |
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