Term
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Definition
Coined the term "cell Theory"
Invented first reflecting microscope |
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Term
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
"Le" - Lens |
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Definition
Master of the Lenses...
First to see unicellular organisms
Animalcules |
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Term
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Definition
Invented antiseptic Technique
Helped with Germ theory of disease
Created first vaccines for anthrax and Rabies |
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Term
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Definition
Introduced sterilization with antiseptic
Introduced "Germ Theory of Disease" |
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Term
| What is "germ theory of disease" |
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Definition
| That disease is caused by tiny, invisible organisms |
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Term
Robert Koch
Discribe his theory (4) |
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Definition
Koch's Postulates
1. organism must be present
2. must be able to isolate
3. pure culture must cause disease in new host
4. must be able to isolate again in new host |
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Term
Edward Jenner
clue - (Jr.) |
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Definition
| Discovered Vaccine - "small pox/cow pox" Experimented on his own son |
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Term
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Definition
Discovered penicillin
Also, first to warn about over-use |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the kingdoms in Eukarya |
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Definition
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Term
Use domain system...
E. coli
E is ??
Coli is ?? |
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Definition
Escherichia = Genus
coli = Species |
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Term
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Definition
| Slight variations of Species |
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Term
| Diff b/w classification and indentification |
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Definition
Class. - in depth, ie: DNA sequesnicing
Iden. - fast, practicle techniques |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell shape, color, growth patterns, etc |
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Term
| Why are stains helpful for looking for bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| What are biochemical tests good to test for |
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Definition
Sugar break-down
Fermentation
Anaerobic/aerobic
Indentifying enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of serum and immune responces |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins made by the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Rapid technique that can test for the presence of specific DNA sequences from tiny amounts of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Protons +
Electrons -
Electrons can change the charge, protons do not change |
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Term
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Definition
Atom = Irreducable, furthest we can break down
Molucule = 2 or more atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Strongest - sharing of paired electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by the attraction of 2 opposite charge ions |
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Term
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Definition
| partial opposites attracted toward each other |
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Term
| List the six elements that make up most matter on earth |
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Definition
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Sulfur
Phosphorus |
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Term
| What are the 4 major macromolecules in biology |
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Definition
Carbohydrates - crucial to cell development
Lipids - Long C/H chain, denses form of energy
Amino Acids - makes proteins
Nucleotides - makes DNA/RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Something having greater number of solutes |
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Term
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Definition
| Solution having lower solute level |
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Term
| Does bacteria have cell walls? If so, what are they made out of? |
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Definition
Yes. Peptidoglycan
(a few bacteria don't, such as mycoplasma) |
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Term
Gram Positive cell wall
pros & cons |
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Definition
Pros - protects against shearing; resists drying out
Cons - Exposed cell wall vulnerable to penicillin |
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Term
Gram Negative cell walls
Pros & Cons |
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Definition
Pros - more resistant to immune attack
Cons - Vulnerable to drying |
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Term
| How does the gram stain work |
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Definition
| In the gram neg, the outer thin peptidoglycan wall is washed away with the two dyes - CV & iodine; unlike the gram positive that retains the dye in the thick peptidoglycan cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipopolisacchirides - Hydrophilic outer layer found on gram neg bacteria that produce endotoxins |
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Term
| Diff b/w endotoxins and exotoxins |
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Definition
| exotoxins are toxic substances secreated by bacteria and released outside of the cell. whereas endotoxins are bacterial tocins composed of lipids that are within a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugary proteins surround the outside of the cell, either a capsule or Slime layer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are important targets of antibiotics? |
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Definition
| Ribosomes (they create proteins) |
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Term
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Definition
| Spot in a cell where it piles up a lot of something: lipids, sulfur, gas, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that can survive in high concentrations of salt |
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Term
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Definition
| can grow and replicate in very cold temps |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prefer basilic environments |
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