Term
| The easiest way to remember the categories of data that are collected in a comprehensive assessment is to remember the acryonym ABCD: |
|
Definition
Anthropometric Measurements
Biochemical Tests
Clinical Signs
Dietary History |
|
|
Term
| The type of anthropometric measurement that allows you to place a person on a graph or chart and find out where the person stands compared to others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mid arm circumference is an indicator of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of direct anthropometric measures are |
|
Definition
Ht/Wt
Head Circumference
Mid-arm Circumference (MAC)
Triceps Skin Folds (TSF |
|
|
Term
| Head circumference is an excellent indicator of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indirect anthropometrics uses |
|
Definition
| a direct measurement value to calculate a value |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
current weight /ideal weight x 100
= % ideal weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
current weight/usual weight x 100 = % usual body weight
Useful when patient reports unexplained weight gain or loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
BMI : Indicates total overall body fat in majority of people
Formula: Wt (Kg) /ht (meters)2 = BMI |
|
|
Term
| Waist hip ratio looks at distribution of |
|
Definition
| body fat. Central or core obesity has been linked to increased cardiovascular and diabetes risk. For women this would be a value of .85 or more and for men a value of 1.o or more. |
|
|
Term
| A biochemical assessment is an |
|
Definition
Evaluation of nutrition related laboratory values and tests
Detect problems with:
Protein
Iron
Lipid
Muscle Mass
Immune Status
Specific Nutrient |
|
|
Term
| Primary malnutrition (Marasmus and Kwasiorkor) have characteristic variation in |
|
Definition
| albumin (see text). Because of the long half life of albumin it doesn’t reflect acute protein deficiency. |
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobin is a protein and is influenced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3.5 -5.5mg/dl)
mild (long standing) malnutrition = 3 - 3.5gm |
|
|
Term
| HGB- Normal varies with gender and age |
|
Definition
Adult men 14-18 g/dl
Adult women 12-16 g/dl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proportion of cellular components to plasma in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Since red blood cells carry iron a low Hgb may impact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transferrin is a bit more specific for indicator for iron transport. Normal values typically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insufficient HGB formation or short life span |
|
|
Term
| TLC less than 1200 cells/mm3 equals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exs of Skin Antigen Testing: |
|
Definition
| Sub-dermal injection of mumps, candidia, TB and other substances. |
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that are composed of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytes comprise about __% of the total of white Blood cells. |
|
Definition
30%
low count indicates the body does not have sufficient reserves to fight an infection seen in steriod use, AIDS, some cancers, immunosupressive therapy. |
|
|
Term
| Anergy skin testing is also called |
|
Definition
Antigen skin testing.
administered intradermally and the sites are observed for a reaction to determine if cell mediated immunity is intact. A 5 mm or greater area of induration indicates intact cell mediated immunity. |
|
|
Term
Triglycerides- generally less than __ is optimal
Total Cholesterol __-__ mg/dl
LDL- less than ___ is desirable
HDL- __ or more is optimal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ is a substance that seems to contribute to plaque formation especially in the absence of Folic Acid and vitamins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Creatinine Height Index (CHI) for lean muscle mass
Based on a 24 hour |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Less than 60% of normal CHI value = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| [(Measured urinary creatinine x 100) ÷ Ideal urinary creatinine] |
|
|
Term
| Gut perfusion is measured by |
|
Definition
Measured by Gastric Tonometry
Detects the PrCO2 present in the gut |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
45ng or mmHg
If elevated indicates poor perfusion and probable absorption problems |
|
|
Term
| Oral contraceptives can cause |
|
Definition
| decreased glucose tolerance, folic acid & B 6 deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sodium retention, hypocalcemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sodium retention, hypocalcemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sodium retention, hypocalcemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sodium retention, hypocalcemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calcium, magnesium & iron absorption problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased folic acid, phosphorus or fat soluble vitamin absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low potassium, magnesium, or phorsphorus |
|
|
Term
| Hair dull, dry brittle and easily plucked can occur with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| banding is a _____ pigmentation that occurs at the roots during a period of nutritional stress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spoon nails occur with chronic _____ ______.. They are curve like a spoon , hence the name |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _____ is a horizontal groove that occurs at the base of the nail plate for similar reasons as the banding. Once nutritional status improves the nail and the groove grow out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ _______ in the nail can be seen in ingestion of certain chemicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _______ can be associated with Vitamin B’s and fatty acids deficiency |
|
Definition
Skin changes
(dry rough scaly) |
|
|
Term
| Slow wound healing, and easy bruising can be caused from |
|
Definition
| vitamin C deficiency or VIt K excess. |
|
|
Term
| Clouding of the cornea Vitamin _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is a redness and sometimes crusting around the inner eyelids can be due to ____________ or to eye infections. |
|
Definition
Blepharitis
vitamin B deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Conjunctival Hemorrhage caused by Vit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is a thickened plaque in the skin around the eye.. Due to chronically elevated ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is a white ring that appears at the outer rim of the iris, It is actually the accumulation of lipids in the outer rim of the cornea. Can be a normal variant in older adults. In persons under 40 it would usually indicate chronically elevated lipids. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atrophy of taste buds can be caused by |
|
Definition
| zinc and vitamin B3 deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Vit. C deficiency can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency in vit B's can cause |
|
Definition
Scores in mouth, cracks at corners of mouth
Red swollen lips and tongue
Bright red tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency in vit B's can cause |
|
Definition
Scores in mouth, cracks at corners of mouth
Red swollen lips and tongue
Bright red tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fractures seen in which deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Calcium and vitamin D deficency |
|
|
Term
| Muscle wasting in which deficiencies? |
|
Definition
| protein and calorie defiecency |
|
|
Term
| Thigh calf Pain in which deficiencies? |
|
Definition
thiamine deficency
Joint pain Vitamin C |
|
|
Term
| Neuro signs of vitamin deficiency: |
|
Definition
Disorientation
Muscle Weakness
Parasthesia
Hyporeflexia |
|
|
Term
| A deficiency in which vitamin is linked to neurological problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dietary History Includes: |
|
Definition
Assessing factors that influence nutritional status (intake, absorption, utilization)
Measuring or estimating dietary intake |
|
|
Term
| Biological Factors Influencing Intake and Metabolism: |
|
Definition
Age
Gender
Heredity
Health Problems
Medications
Neurotransmitters
Food Allergies |
|
|
Term
| When conducting a comprehensive nutritional history you may want to ask about some of these factors. |
|
Definition
Psychosocial Factors Influencing Dietary Intake
Beliefs about food
Stress
Boredom
Moods
Emotions |
|
|
Term
| What psychosocial factors play a big role in older adults since they may be more likely to live alone, on limited incomes, and perhaps not be able to drive to the store anymore. |
|
Definition
Isolation
Economic
Transportation |
|
|
Term
| Daily Fluids greatest for neonates - 3x as much per kg as adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neonates Need _-_ oz/feedings, every _-_ hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fetal iron stores depleted by _-_ months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fatigue
Pallor
Irritability
Dyspnea
Spoon Nails
Note that these signs may be especially difficult to distinguish in an infant and spoon nails may take long time to develop
best treatment is to prevent this by introducing solid foods by 4-6 months, If not introduced should supplement formula with iron |
|
|
Term
| foods that can be held in hand, banana, cracker, cookie etc this is an iron poor diet also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toddler needs approximately how many cal/day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preschool age 4-6 needs about how many cal/day? |
|
Definition
approx 1800 cal
1 tablespoon per year of age for veg, fruit, protein |
|
|
Term
| 60-80 calories /kg needed in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Boy need more calories and protein and zinc for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nutritional Needs: Pregnancy |
|
Definition
| Increased need for calories, iron, folate, Vitamin C, zinc, |
|
|
Term
Expected weight gain first trimester,
Second and third trimester |
|
Definition
first trimester up to 4 lbs
Second and third trimester 1 lb per week |
|
|
Term
| Pregnant women need an additional ___ calories /day, lactating women an additional ___ calories /day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iron is supplied to the fetus regardless of the mothers status so the mother is at risk of _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is needed to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pregnant women need _______ to activate folate and facilitate iron absorption. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ must be supplied to the fetus from the mother’s diet, lack of sufficient ____ associated with small, malformed infants, and difficult labor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Caloric needs
Adult males
Adult females |
|
Definition
Males: 30-40 cal/kg
Females: 30-38 cal/kg |
|
|
Term
| Impaired ______ is due to skin changes that occur with aging and due to decreased exposure to the sun with aging. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nutritional requirements for older adults include: |
|
Definition
Decreased BMR and calorie requirements
Decreased thirst and taste perception
Impaired Vitamin D synthesis
Decreased gastric acidity > decreased B12 absorption |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of anorexia include: (4) |
|
Definition
Fear of obesity
Disturbance of body image
Denial of problem
25% loss of usual body weight |
|
|
Term
| Mortality rate of anorexia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Bulemics have an accurate perception of their body? |
|
Definition
True.
They are also near their ideal body weight, generally. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Chronic health problems associated with bulemia are largely irreversible, such as esophageal erosion/irritation tooth enamel erosion. |
|
Definition
| False. They are largely reversible or correctable. |
|
|
Term
A waist hip ratio of __+ for women
__+ for men indicates obesity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kwashiorkor is a type of malnutrition seen in those with _____ deficiency. |
|
Definition
Protein.
As a baby, protein intake in sufficient, but after the child is no longer breast fed, protein intake becomes insufficient. Edema and dermatosis occur. |
|
|
Term
| Secondary malnutrition may result from: |
|
Definition
bowel disease
alcoholism
enzyme usage problems
genetic disorders |
|
|
Term
| Recording height and weight are examples of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ is a thorough nutritional assessment that would usually only be done in its entirety for someone with a chief complaint that related to nutrition, GI problems, or weight loss or weight gain. |
|
Definition
|
|
