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UNF Patho/pharm
Exam I
31
Health Care
Not Applicable
01/27/2008

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
pharmacology
Definition
study or science of drugs
Term
pharmacotherapeutics
Definition
treatment of pathological conditions through the use of drugs
Term
pharmacodynamics
Definition
study of biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs (propreties of drugs, pharmacologic interaction with suitable body receptors)
Term
pharmacokinetics
Definition
study of drug distribution rates between various body compartments
Term

bioavailability

Definition
measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route-use to quantify the rate of absorption in the body.
Term
factors affecting rate of drug absorption
Definition
adminstration route, food, fluids administered with drug, status of absorption surface, rate of blood flow to small intestine, stomach pH, GI motility, and nutritiona status
Term
first pass routes
Definition

oral, rectal, hepatic artery, portal vein

They pass through liver first.

Term
Non-first pass routes
Definition

IV, IM, sub -Q, transdermal

Inhalation, intranasal

intraarterial

sublingual, buccal

intraoccular

Term
Kidney and liver
Definition
organ responsible for metabolism and excreting drugs
Term

3 primary proteins that bind and carry drugs

Definition

1. albumin

2. alpha-1 acid glycoprotein

3. corticosteroid-binding globulin.

Albumin most important.

Term
What happens if two drugs are being taken and they are high protein bound?
Definition

They will compete for binding protein. The first drug to the receptors is the first to get metabolised.

Drug-drug interactions may occur. One drug/both may be free and unbound in circulation and toxicity can occur.

Term
first areas of drug distribution
Definition
vascular areas- heart, kidney, liver, brain
Term
areas difficult for distribution
Definition

bone

blood-brain barrier

Term
Drug metabolism occurs in:
Definition

liver

kidneys

lungs

plasma

intestinal mucosa

Term
hepatic metabolism
Definition
involves the use of microsomal enzymes that control a variety of chemical reactions and aid in the transforming of medication.
Term
Diseases that can alter biotransformation
Definition

renal failure/insufficiency

congestive heart failure

liver failure

Term
conditions that alter biotransformation
Definition

starvation

obstructive jaundice

genetic disorders

Term
drugs that can alter biotransformation
Definition

certain antibiotics

some sedatives

Term
steps of drug elimination in kidney
Definition

1. drug enters afferent arteriole of kidney

2. Glomerulus filter kidney (125ml/min)

3. Efferent artiole reabsorbs/ secretes via the proximal tubule/ Loop of Henle to distal tubule

4. Collecting duct carries drug metabolites

5. Drug excreted in urine.

Term
Biliary excretion
Definition
drugs excreted by the intestine
Term
Enterohepatic circulation
Definition
Fat soluble drugs are in bile and reabsorbed, return to liver and are excreted into bile. These drugs have long half-lives.
Term
Half-life
Definition
time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug in the body to be removed and is a measure of rate of removal.
Term
Drug allergy
Definition

hypersensitivity to a pharmacologic agent.

 

Term
idiosyncrasy
Definition

an individual's unique hypersensitivity to a particular drug, food, or other substance.

Term
side effect
Definition

any reaction to or consequence of a medication or therapy

Term
iatrogenic effect
Definition

caused by some form of medical treatment

Term
Extrapyramidal effect
Definition
effects on tissue and structures outside the cerebrospinal pyramid tract the brain, associated with body movement, excluding motor neurons, motor cortex, corticospina and corticobulbar tracts.
Term
tachphylaxis
Definition
repeated administration of some drugs results in a rapid appearing and marked decrease in effectiveness.
Term
tolerance
Definition

increasingly resistance to a drug or other substance through continued exposure to the substance

 

Term
synergy
Definition
process in which two organ, substances, agents work simultaneously to enhance function and effects of one another.
Term
additive effects
Definition

combined effect of drugs that, when used in combination, produce an

effect that is greater than the sum of their separately measured individual effects.

 

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