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| Process through which power and influence are used in promotion of certain values and interests |
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| Basic observation of what is, facts |
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| Why or how things are the way they are |
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| What should be done based on knowledge |
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| Three Sources of Political Knowledge |
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| Authority, personal thought, and science |
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| Appeals to any document, tradition, or person that may know answers to a particular question |
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| Going directly to a teacher or parent, political leader, etc. |
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| Constitutions, revered leaders, media, books, religious teachings |
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"Monkey See, Monkey Do"
Because a majority of people agree on one opinion, many others follow as well |
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| Problems with Authority as a Source |
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| Not everyone will rely on YOUR specific authority source, even popular media could be relying on inaccurate data, even though everyone may think one thing they could be wrong and the one person who is right will follow everyone and be wrong as well |
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| Your own reason, feelings, or experiences |
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| Based on feeling, it just feels right |
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| Personal involvement in events |
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| Problems with Personal Thought as a Source |
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| No method of resolving thoughtful differences, people have different experiences, different people will not share similar intuitive feelings, we do not share the same rational logic |
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| To describe and explain, to answer what, why, and how questions |
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| Four Characteristics of Scientific Method |
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Definition
1. Science is empirical (what IS), concerned with phenomena that can be observed or measured
2. Science searches for regularities in relationships among phenomena
3. Science is cumulative, previously gathered knowledge is used as a foundation to furhter knowledge on a particular subject
4. Science is testable, scientists specify assumptions, data, analytic techniques, and inference patterns that support their knowledge claim, while there are other scientists who look for evidence that may falsify the claim, all aspects are evaluated to be sure the information observed can be added to the accumulated knowledge |
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| A set of techniques, concepts, and approaches whose objective is to increase the clarity and accuracy of our understandings about the political world |
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| Identify and name crucial phenomena |
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| Sets of systematically related generalizations that provide explanations and predictions about the linkages between certain concepts |
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| Methods that establish if explanations and predictions are right or wrong |
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| Questions worth solving within the area of inquiry |
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| Focuses on similarities and differences in political processes and structures |
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| Covers same topics as comparative politics |
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| Focus is on the political relations between coutnries, the behavior of transnational actors, and the dynamics within the worldwide system of states and groups, includes war, interstate conflict resolution, international law, globalization, neocolonialism, regional alliances, also includes study of foreign policy |
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| Six Steps of Applying Scientific Method to Political Science |
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Definition
1. Examine existing evidence that is relevant
2. State the issue in a precise manner
3. Operationalize key concepts by specifying exactly what each concept means and how it will be measured
4. Gather appropriate data
5. Analyze the evidence
6. Decide what inferences and conclusions can be made about the issue on the basis of your evidence |
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