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| having to do with an organisms physical processes (physical needs) |
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| having to do with an organisms thinking and understanding (private, unobservable mental, reasons) |
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| the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research (study of behavior and mental processes) can involve both human and animal behaviors. covers everything that people think, feel, and do. not always observable and must be systematic |
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| an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research (educated guess about some phenomenon) |
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| a set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study (usually a complex explanation based on findings from a large number of experimental studies) |
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| the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake (research) |
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| discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals (using psychological principles to solve more immediate problems) |
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| What are the goals of psychology? |
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| describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior |
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| a general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized. usually asks and answers questions about why people think, act, and feel as they do reduces the chances of coming to false conclusions |
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| steps of scientific method |
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| question, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusions, theories |
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| set up first psychological lab in leipzeig germany. 2 types of elements: sensations and feelings. believes individuals observe analyze and report his or her own mental experiences. established modern psychology as a separate field of study |
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| studies why crime occurs. believed behavior was the result of the shape of the head. |
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| the practice of examining the bumps on a persons skull to determine that persons intellect and character traits. inspired scientists to consider the brain instead of the heart as responsible for human behavior |
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| greeks studied human behavior and decided people were rational and not dominated by gods |
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| published idea that the earth was not the center of the universe the sun was |
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| used a telescope to confirm copernicus' predictions |
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| proposed a link between the body and the mind |
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| a psychologist who studies the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences. (human experience) |
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| a method of self observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings. (method of self observation to collect information on mind) |
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| taught first psychology class in harvard university wrote the principles of psychology. (father of psychology) |
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| a psychologist who studies the function instead of the structure of consciousness (study how animals and people adapt to environment). |
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| wanted to understand how heredity influences a persons abilities, character, and behavior. focused on genius being a heredity trait. he didnt consider distinguished families may also have exceptional environments and socioeconomic advantages |
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| a persons heredity and environment interact to influence intelligence |
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| max wertheimer, wolfgang kohler, kurt koffka, disagreed with the principles of structuralism and behavioralism. believed perception involved a "whole pattern" or gestalt. studied how sensations are assembled into perceptual experiences |
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| interested in unconscious mind. used technique free association. (indirectly studying unconscious processes) believed dreams are expressions of the most primitive urges. |
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| a psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior, feelings, and thoughts. |
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| same thing as free association except applied to dreams |
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| is an analysis of the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, experiences, behaviors, or problems of an individual. |
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| russian scientist, dog experiment where dog associated ringing sound with food. behavior as product of prior experience. |
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| a psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment (observable behavior) |
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| believed that psychology should only concern itself with observable facts of behavior |
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| introduced the concept on reinforcement. is a response to a behavior that increases the likelihood for the behavior to be repeated. |
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| psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth (evolving and self directed) does not view humans as being controlled by events in the environment or by unconscious forces. |
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| a psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how thought processes influence our behavior, behavior is more than a simple response to a stimulus |
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| a psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior (how brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence our behavior). Also how the effect of drugs on behavior in terms of biological factors |
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| influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning. (how ethnicity, gender, culture, and status influence our behavior). |
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| scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals. observe analyze and evaluate behavior |
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| specialty in medicine. deals with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. |
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| a psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances (deal with person problems) (work in private offices, mental hospitals, prisons, and clinics). |
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| is a psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living/ everyday life. (work in schools, industrial firms). |
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| developmental psychologist |
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| a psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures. (study children, elderly, etc). |
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| a psychologist who is concerned in helping students learn. intelligence, memory, problem solving, and motivation. |
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| who may work in a mental health of social welfare agency. helps design, run, or evaluate, a mental health clinic. |
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| industrial/organizational psychologist |
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| who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers. study and develop methods to boost production, improve working conditions, place applicants in jobs for which best suited, train people, reduce accidents. |
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| environmental psychologist |
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| work in a business or with the government to study the effects of the environment on people (may look at natural disasters, overcrowding, pollution) |
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| work in legal, court, and correctional systems |
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| study the interaction between physical and psychological health factors. (how stress and depression leads to physical ailments) |
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| experimental psychologist |
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| psychologist who studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and or emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions. (how humans operate physically and psychologically) do everyday testing |
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