Term
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Definition
| "Silent Killer" High blood pressure. Caused by increased and sustained vasoconstriction or increased blood volume (fluid overload). Increase in systolic pressure. Sustained 140/90 or greater. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vein in which blood has pooled, producing distended, tortuous and palpable vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure that blood exerts against the arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1/3 of Americans have HTN. 2/3 of people older than 60 have HTN. |
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Term
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Definition
| Headache, blurred vision, dizziness, nose bleeds, peripheral edema, increased heart rate, chronic weakness, |
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Term
| Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) |
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Definition
| Inadequate venous return over a long period |
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Term
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Definition
| HTN had heavy impact on kidneys (renal failure), brain (CVA), heart (Cadiomyopathy), Arteries (CAD)(PAD) |
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Term
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Definition
Primary: 92-95%
Secondary: 5-8% |
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Term
| Primary Hypertension Risk Factors |
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Definition
Mod: Smoking, alcohol, high Na+ intake, obesity, low intake of K+, Ca2+, Mg 2+, stress, sleep deprivation
Non-mod: Heredity, age, race, sex, diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates sympathetic nervous system. Emotional and Physical. |
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Term
| Secondary Hypertension Risk Factors |
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Definition
| Underlying disorders such as renal disease, adrenal tumors, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, antihistamines, pre/eclampsia |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood clot that remains attached to a vessel wall |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs in the lower extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| Promotes venous thrombosis. 1.) Venous stasis 2.) Venous endothelial damage 3.) Hypercoagulable states |
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Term
| Superior Vena Cava Syndrome |
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Definition
| Progressive occlusion of the SVC that leads to venous distension in the upper extremities and the head |
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Term
| Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) |
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Definition
| Regulates long term blood pressure and intravascular fluid |
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Term
| Hypertension Drug Treatment |
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Definition
| ABCD - ACE inhibitors, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that causes vasoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
| Beta-1 receptors in the heart tell the heart to pump harder and faster |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcium is a ion that helps the heart contract |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Genetic: Defect in renal Na+ excretion, overactive sympathetic nervous system, disorder of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Environmental: Modifiable risk factors |
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Term
| Stages of Primary Hypertension |
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Definition
Stage 1: BP is 140-159 systolic and 90-99 diastolic.
Stage 2: BP is >160 systolic and >100 diastolic |
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Term
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Definition
Target Organ Damage
1.)Malignant HTN (Hypertensive Crisis) |
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Term
| Malignant HTN (Hypertensive Crisis) |
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Definition
| Diastolic pressure of >140 mm hg. Main danger is cerebral edema and coma. SxS - headache, confusion, unresponsiveness, diaphoresis, chest pain, red skin, anxiety, impending doom. Nitro will be given immediately. |
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Term
| Orthostatic Hypotension (Standing) |
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Definition
Can be both acute and chronic. 20-10-20 Rule.
Chronic: secondary to a specific disease, or idiopathic |
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Term
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Definition
Decrease in systolic pressure by 20
Decrease in diastolic pressure by 10
Increase in heart rate by 20 |
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