Term
| What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food? |
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Definition
| The rate at and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used. |
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Term
| What are the general characteristics of water-soluble vitamins? |
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Definition
Absorbed directly into blood.
Transports- Travel freely
Storage- Circulates freely in water-filled parts of the body
Excretion- Kidneys detect and remove excess urine
Toxicity- Possible to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements
Requirements- Needed in frequent doses |
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Term
| How does the body dispose of excess water soluble vitamins? |
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Definition
| The kidneys detect the excess amount and disposes through urine. |
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Term
| What is the general function of B-Vitamins? |
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Definition
| The b-Vitamins help the body to use carbs, fat, and protein as fuel for energy. |
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Term
Why do deficiencies in B vitamins lead to
fatigue? |
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Definition
| If deficient in B-Vitamins, the body may not have enough to use the energy that carbs, protein, and fat provides. |
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Term
| What is the function of Thiamin? |
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Definition
| IT assists in energy metabolism. Nerve activity depends heavily on thiamin. |
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Term
| What is the deficiency disease of thiamin and what are the symptoms? |
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Definition
| Beriberi is damage to the nervous sstem and is characterized by muscle weakness. or dilated blood vessels. Disorientation, loss of short term memory, jerky eye movements, staggering gait. |
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Term
| What are good sources of thiamin? |
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Definition
| Whole-grain, fortified, or enriched grain products, moderate amounts in all nutritious food, pork. |
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Term
| What are the best sources of riboflavin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the deficiency disease of thiamin and what are the symptoms? |
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Definition
| Ariboflavinosis. Causes inflammation of membranes of mouth, skin, eyes, and GI tract. |
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Term
| What will destroy riboflavin? |
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Definition
| Ultraviolet light and irradiation. |
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Term
| What amino acid is Niacin synthesized from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Niacin disease and what are the symptoms? |
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Definition
| Pellagra, with symptoms of diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and eventually death. |
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Term
| What would symptoms of excess Niacin exhibit? |
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Definition
| It dilates the capillaries and causes a tingling sensation that can be painful. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between raw egg whites and Biotin? |
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Definition
| It contains a protein that binds biotin and thus prevents its absorption. |
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Term
| In what part of metabolism does B6 play a major role? |
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Definition
| PLP can transfer amino groups from an amino acid to a keto acide, the body can make nonessential amino acids. |
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Term
| Where is Vitamin b6 stored? |
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Definition
| Trick question! any excess is passed through urine. |
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Term
| What vitamin reduces risks of neural tube defects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are good sources of folate? |
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Definition
| Fortified grains, leafy green vegetables, legumes, seeds, and liver. |
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Term
| What factor is required for B12 absorption? |
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Definition
| Intrinsic factor, a stomach secretion. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between B12 and Folate? |
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Definition
| Each depend on the other for activation. |
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Term
| Why are vegetarians at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency? |
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Definition
| Animal-derived foods contain B12 that can cause a deficiency when not consumed. |
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Term
| What are some sources for B12? |
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Definition
| Foods derived from animals, like milk and fish. |
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Term
| What are sources of Vitamin C and signs of deficiency? |
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Definition
| Fruits and vegetables. Pinpoint hemmorrhages and scorbutic gums. |
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