Shared Flashcard Set

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Understanding Business
Study set for Intro to Business class based on the book by Nickels test 1
142
Business
Undergraduate 1
01/28/2012

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
College Graduates tend to earn ___ to ____ more than high school graduates over the course of their careers
Definition
60% to 80%
Term
_________ provides you with an array of personal contacts on whom you can call for career advice and help.
Definition
Networking
Term
The SQ3R study system recommends these five practices to stay up to date with assignments and do well in class every day
Definition

1. Survey

2. Question

3. Read

4. Recite

5. Review

Term
Tangible products such as Computers, food, clothing, cars, and appliances
Definition
Goods
Term
Intangible Products such as education, health care, insurance, recreation, travel and tourism
Definition
Services
Term
Any activity that seeks to provide goods or services to others while operating at a profit
Definition
Business
Term
A person who risks time and money to start and manage a business
Definition
Entrepreneur
Term
The total amount of money a business takes in during a given period when selling goods and services
Definition
revenue
Term
The amount of money a business earns after expenses are deducted
Definition
Profit
Term
When a business' expenses are more than its revenues
Definition
Loss
Term
The chance an entrepreneur takes of losing time and money on a business
Definition
risk
Term
The amount of goods and services that people can buy with the money they have
Definition
Standard of Living
Term

The general well being of a society in terms of:

1. political freedom

2.natural environment

3.education

4.health care

5. safety

6. amount of leisure

7.and rewards that add to the satisfaction and joy that other goods and services provide

Definition
Quality of Life
Term
What are the 7 definitions of Quality of Life?
Definition

1. Political freedom

2. Natural Environment

3. Education

4. Health Care

5. Safety

6. Amount of rewards that add to the satisfaction and joy that other goods and services provide

Term
The people who stand to gain or lose by the policies and activities of a business and whose concerns a business needs to address
Definition
Stakeholders
Term
Contracting with other companies to do some or all of the functions of a firm
Definition
Outsourcing
Term
balancing the demands of stakeholders and the business is a major role of a ________
Definition
Business Manager
Term
an organization whose goals do not include making a personal profit for its owners or organizers
Definition
Nonprofit Organization
Term
The most important factor to increasing a nation's wealth is
Definition
Free Enterprise
Term
According to John Locke, this fundamental element, being a subset and necessary factor of the free enterprise system, is necessary for prosparity and for economic potential:
Definition
The Right of Property
Term

Which is the most accurate statement about the impact of business on society?

 

A. When businesses earn a profit for their owners, it usually is at the expense of the rest of society

B. Businesses may improve quality of life but do little to improve standard of living within a society

C. Businesses often improve quality of life, but do little to improve quality of life of most people due to inflation.

D.Businesses can have a positive impact on both the standard of living and the quality of life within a society.

Definition
D
Term
Howard Schultz built his global business by providing _________. This includes excellent service, free wifi, and a comfortable space with soft music, designs that he 'imported' from the Italian expresso bars he encountered in Italy.
Definition
Customer Value
Term
In businesses like a lawn maintenance company, the trucks, mowers, and other necessary equipment purchased for the business are called__________
Definition
Capital Investments
Term
The chance that a business owner will lose the time and money invested in a business that proves to be unprofitable is called:
Definition
Risk
Term
a person who assumes the risk of starting a business is a(n):
Definition
Entrepreneur
Term

Which of the following most describes a belief expressed by Adam Smith?

A. Incentives to seek personal gain would create wealth

B. The government must then step in to make sure that

    this wealth is equitably distributed

C. Government should limit the property rights of the

    individual

D. Revenue and costs should be equal

Definition
A
Term

When spending a vacation in Europe, Jim found that his U.S. dollar did not last as long as he had been told--each time he exchanged his U.S. Dollars for Euros, he had to give up more U.S. Dollars for  Euros. The most likely explination is that:

 

Definition
The Euro gained strength against the dollar
Term
When the price of a popular item is falling in a free-market system where everything else is equal, the most likely explanation is:
Definition
The product has competition at the equilibrium price
Term
When a business has few rivals and togather they dominate the entire market, their market environment is called a(n):
Definition
Oligopoly
Term
The marketing attempt to get buyers to think similar products are different in some way is called:
Definition
Product Differentiation
Term

When a company shifts focus from original business design of emphasizing employee training and customer oriented service to new products and emphases on coupons that is an example of a company:

A. abandoning its traditional and foundational values

B. Increasing Profit

C. Lowering Costs

Definition
A
Term
Under the _______ system there is very little incentive to work hard or produce quality goods or services.
Definition
Socialist
Term
Under a system of floating change rates, changes in the value of the US dollar relative to other currencies are the result of:
Definition
Changes in the supply and demand of and /or demand for dollars in the global currency market
Term
When a business' total revenue is exceeded by the incurred total costs, this is called
Definition
loss
Term
The statistic used to compute the pace of inflation or deflation is the________.
Definition
Consumer Price Index
Term
A very severe recession that is usually accompanied by an increase in the average level of prices is called a:
Definition
stagflation
Term

One reason that the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is monitored very closely by government, businesses, and workers is that:

 


Definition
The gross domestic product is computed from the reported increases in the CPI
Term
 The Federal Reserve Bank's efforts to control the money supply and interest rates are known as:
Definition
Monitary Policy
Term
When the Federal Reserve Bank wants to take a course of action to slow the economy in order to control inflation, the policy they SHOULD pursue is:
Definition
restrict the money supply and increase interest rates
Term
Firms such as McDonald's, Pizza Hut, and KFC have entered the global market by offering investors the opportunity to buy:
Definition
franchises
Term
A partnership in which two or more companies (often from different countries) join to undertake a major project is a(n):
Definition
Joint Venture
Term

In order to experiment in new markets without incurring large start up costs involved with building production facilities where labor is cheap and production sites are owned by other companies, the sensible strategy to take is to use:

Definition
Contract Manufacturers
Term
Milton Freidman said that the only obligation or 'social conscience' that a company had was to:
Definition
its stockholders
Term

the practice of lowering the value of a nation's currency relative to other currencies is called:

 

Definition
Devaluation
Term

Which is true about a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP):

A. It protects the partners from any suit by the client

 

B. It guarantees that none of the partners will lose more than the amount they invested into the company

 

C. It guarantees that only those partners who were directly involved in the actual work or service are the ones facing unlimited liability for claims against the firm

 

D. It will enable the firm to quickly reorganize with only minor financial losses.

Definition
A
Term
The form of business ownership best suited to raising large amounts of money for expansion is the:
Definition
Corporation
Term

Special problems for U.S. firms attempting to enter global markets, such as insufficient electrical power and transportation systems, are

Definition
Physical and environmental differences
Term
When a business develops a code of ethics, it should be communicated to:
Definition
everyone with whom the business has dealings
Term

Creating competition without ground rules between employees within a corporation:

 

a. Can encourage employees to deceive other emplyees and customers

b. Should focus on improving corporate profit

c. must be ignored when corporate eithics are developed

d. can bring out the best in employees

Definition
A.
Term
When Managers disregard ethical concerns, the likely result is:
Definition
a general distrust between workers and management
Term
an organization owned and controlled by the producers, workers, and consumers with similar needs who pooled their resources for mutual gain is called a:
Definition
cooperative
Term

Which are the true risks of a General Partnership?

 

A. The Partners can lose their personal assets

 

B. The partners can lose only the funds they originally invested into the company

 

C. The partners can lose only the total value of the assets actually used to operate the business

 

D. The Partners legally avoid any liability for the company's debts since it is considered a business entity that is separate and distinct from the partners that own it.

Definition
A.
Term

The __________ act, also known as the whistle-blower act, protects persons from retaliation who report an employer's illegal or unethical behavior to the proper government official.

Definition
Sarbaines-Oxley Act
Term
A business that hires or rewards employees based on merit or achievement rather than other factors, such as family lineage, skin color, religion, etc.is an example of a:
Definition
Meritocracy
Term
The surrounding factors that either help or hinder the development of business
Definition
business environment
Term

The Capitalist system relies heavily on these fundamental traits in government, business owners, and customers. When these are not present, it weakens the entire system:

Definition

Honesty, integrity, and high ethical standards

 

Term
The amount of output generated given the amount of input
Definition
productivity
Term
The buying and selling of goods over the internet
Definition
e-commerce
Term
what are the five necessary ingredients of employee empowerment needed to respond quickly to customer requests?
Definition

Freedom

Responsibility

Authority

Training

Equipment

 

(or F.R.A.T.E.)

Term
Which industry makes up about 70% of the value of the U.S. Economy?
Definition
Service
Term
The study of how society chooses to employ resources to produce goods and services and distribute them for consumption among various competing groups and individuals is called:
Definition
economics
Term
The part of economics study that looks at an operation of a nation's economy as a whole:
Definition
Macroeconomics
Term
The part of economics study that looks at the behavior of people and organizations in particular markets
Definition
Microeconomics
Term
The study of how to increase resources and to create conditions that will make better use of those resources
Definition
resource developement
Term

Followers of this economist subscribe to the belief that there are too many people in the world and that the solution to poverty is radical birth control, including forced abortions and sterilization

Definition
Thomas Malthus
Term
A phrase coined by Adam Smith to describe the process that turns self directed gain into social and economic benefits for all
Definition
Invisible Hand
Term

An economic system in which all or most of the factors of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit

Definition
capitalism
Term
What are the four basic rights under free-market capitalism?
Definition

1. Right to own private property

2. The right to own a business and keep all that business' profits

3. The right to freedom of competition

4. The right to freedom of choice.

Term
The key to Capitalism is
Definition
capital
Term
The quantity of products the manufacturers or owners are willing to sell at different prices at a specific time
Definition
supply
Term
The quantity of products that people are willing to buy at different prices at a specific time
Definition
demand
Term
The price determined by supply and demand
Definition
Market Price
Term
The degree of competition in which there are many sellers in the market and none are large enough to dictate the price of the product
Definition
perfect competition
Term
the degree pf competition in which a large number of sellers produce very similar products that buyers nevertheless perceive as different
Definition
monopolistic competition
Term
a degree pf competition in which just a few sellers dominate the market
Definition
oligopoly
Term
a degree of competition in which only one seller controls the total supply of a product or service, and sets the price
Definition
monopoly
Term

an economic system based on the premise that some or most basic businesses should be owned by the government so that the profits can be more evenly distributed among the people

Definition
Socialism
Term
free education through college, free health care, longer vacations, work fewer hours a week, more employee benefits, and free child care are some of the benefits of a ___________ government
Definition
socialist
Term
The loss of the best and brightest people to other countries is called a:
Definition
Brain Drain
Term

an economic and political system in which the government makes almost all economic decisions and own all the major factors of production is

Definition
communism
Term
economic systems in which the market largely determines what goods andservices get produced, who gets them, and how the economy grows are:
Definition
free-market systems
Term
economic systems in which the government largely decides what goods and services will be produced, who will get them, and how the economy will grow:
Definition
Command economies
Term
economic systems where some allocation of resources are made by the market and some by the government
Definition
mixed economy
Term
The total value of final goods and services produced in a country in a given year.
Definition
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Term
The general rise in prices of goods and services over time
Definition
inflation
Term
a situation in which price increases are slowing
Definition
disinflation
Term
a situation in which prices are declining
Definition
deflation
Term
a situation when the economy is slowing but prices are going up
Definition
stagflation
Term
Monthly statistics that measure the pace of inflation and deflation
Definition
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Term
Some wages, salaries, rents and leases, tax brackets, government benefits, and interest rates are based on the __________, which is what makes it an important figure.
Definition
Consumer Price Index
Term
an index that measures prices at the wholesale level
Definition
producer price index (PPI)
Term
The periodic rises and falls that occur in economies over time
Definition
business cycles
Term
Two or more consecutive quarters of decline in the Gross Domestic Product
Definition
recession
Term
a severe recession usually accompanied by deflation
Definition
economic depression
Term
The sum of government deficits over time
Definition
national debt
Term
The theory that a government policy of increasing spending and cutting taxes could stimulate the economy in a recession
Definition
Keynesian economic theory
Term
the management of the monitary supply and interest rates by the Federal Reserve Bank
Definition
monitary policy
Term
what are the two major tools for managing the economy of the United States?
Definition
fiscal policy (government taxes and spending) and monitary spending (the Fed's control over interest rates and the money supply)
Term
what are the four phases of business cycles?
Definition

economic boom

recession

depression

recovery

Term
Buying products from another country
Definition
importing
Term
selling products to another country
Definition
exporting
Term
the movement of goods and services among nations without political or economic barriers
Definition
free trade
Term

A theory that states that a country should sell to other countries those products that it produces most effectively and efficiently and buy from other countries those products that it cannot produce as effectively or efficiently

Definition
comparatively advantage theory
Term
the advantage that exists when a country has a monopoly on producing a specific product or is able to produce it more efficiently than other countries
Definition
absolute advantage
Term
the total balance of a nation's exports compared to to its imports measured over over a particular period
Definition
balance of trade
Term
a favorable balance of trade that occurs when the value of a country's exports exceeds that of its imports
Definition
trade surplus
Term
an unfavorable balance of trade that occurs when the value of a country's imports exceeds that of its exports
Definition
trade deficit
Term
the difference between money coming into a country and money leaving the country
Definition
balance of payments
Term
selling products in a foreign country at lower prices than those charged in the producing country
Definition
dumping
Term
a global strategy in which a firm allows a foreign company to produce its product in exchange for a fee
Definition
licensing
Term
a foreign country's production of private label goods to which a domestic company then attaches its brand name or trademark.
Definition
contract outsourcing
Term
a long term partnership between two or more companies established to help each company build competative market advantages
Definition
strategic alliance
Term
the buying of permanent property and businesses in foreign nations
Definition
foreign direct investment (FDI)
Term
a company that is owned in a foreign country by another company, called the Parent Company
Definition
foreign subsidary
Term
An organization that manufactures and markets products in many different countries and has multinational stock ownership and multinational management
Definition
multinational corporation
Term
investment funds controlled by governments holding large stakes in foreign companies
Definition
sovereign wealth funds (SWFs)
Term
U.S Business people are often accused of an attitude that their own culture is superior to other cultures--this attitude is called:
Definition
ethnocentricity
Term
the value of one nation's currency relative to the currencies of other countries
Definition
exchange rate
Term
lowering the value of a nation's currency relative to other currencies
Definition
devaluation
Term
a complex form of bartering in which several countries may be involved, each trading goods for goods or services for services
Definition
countertrading
Term
the use of government regulations to limit the import of goods and services
Definition
trade protectionism
Term
a tax imposed on imports
Definition
tariffs
Term
a limit of the number of products in certain categories that a nation can import
Definition
import quota
Term
a complete ban on the import or export of a certain product, or the stopping of all trade with a particular country
Definition
embargo
Term
a 1948 agreement that established an international forum for negotiating mutual reductions in trade restrictions
Definition
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Term

The international organization that replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and was assigned the duty to mediate trade disputes among nations

Definition
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Term
a regional group of countries that have a common external tariff, no internal tariffs, and a coordination of laws to facilitate exchange
Definition
common market
Term
an agreement that created a free trade area among the United States, Canada, and Mexico
Definition
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Term
standards of moral behavior that are accepted by society as right versus wrong
Definition
ethics
Term
ethical standards that emphasize preventing unlawful behavior by increasing and by punishing wrongdoers
Definition
compliance-based ethics codes
Term
ethical standards that define an organization's guiding values, create an environment that supports ethically sound behavior, and stresses a shared accountability among employees
Definition
integrity-based ethics codes
Term
insiders who report illegal or unethical behavior
Definition
whistleblowers
Term
A business's concern for the welfare of society
Definition
corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Term
the dimension of social responsibility that includes charitable donations
Definition
corporate philanthropy
Term
enhanced forms of corporate philanthropy directly related to the company's competencies
Definition
corporate social initiatives
Term
 everything from hiring minority workers to making safe products, minimizing pollution, using energy wisely, and providing a safe work environment.
Definition
Corporate responsibility
Term
The position a firm takes on social and political issues
Definition
Corporate Policy
Term
The four basic right of consumers according to President John F. Kennedy
Definition

safety

being informed

choice

being heard

Term
an unethical activity in which insiders use private company information to further their own fortunes or those of their family and friends
Definition
Insider Trading
Term
a systematic evaluation of an organization's progress toward implementing socially responsible and responsive programs
Definition
social audit
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