-lengh of message

-familiarity of message

-background noise

-hearing ability

-socially shared code that represents concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-goverened combinations of those symbols

-is generative

-is dynamic

-phonology-sounds, not letters

-morphology-smallest meaning part of a word

(free morphemes=stand on their own, bound morphemes=added with others: -s,-ly,-ed)

-syntax-arrangement of words in a sentence

-suprasegmentals-loudness, intonation, or stress

-semantic features: pieces of meaning in a word

         (ex. hot black liquid from beans=coffee

                furry brown 4 legs __?___= ?)

1)vocabulary

2)concepts

    -the girl is on the table

    -the table is on the girl

3)words with multiple meanings: mail vs. male

4)idioms- "its raining cats and dogs"

1) not usually specifically taught

-requests, questions, greetings

-English pragmatic rules

      -one person talks at a time

      -eye contact when speaking

      -observe personal space

2)can vary by culture

Output

-articulation

-fluency

-voice

-all work together go have clear, intelligible speech so that CODE (language) will be understood.

1)articulation (sound production errors)

2)fluency (stuttering)

3)voice (physical changes to vocal chords, behavior i.e. abuse or overuse)

also....

-swallowing

-balance

Non-verbal communication

-about a 1/3 of human communication is non-verbal

-some are generally accepted (head nods, eye rolling)

-disorders of hearing acuity

     (test sounds of varying loudness and pitch)

-disorders of speech perception and discrimination

(especailly important for understanding speech, usually requires amplification like hearing aids or cochlear implants)

American Speech-Language and Hearing Association

-cause/origin of a disorder

-wide variety

-measures hearing actuity

-identifies, asseses, manages, and prevents disorders of hearing and balance

-fit and sell hearing aids

-teach patients to use devices

- 4 yr. bachelor degree- B.A./B.S. (hearing and speech science)

-4 yr. doctoral program (AuD) which includes 3 yrs of coursework and one year of paid internship, full time.

-earn CCC-A (Certificat of Clinical Competence) from ASHA

-obtain state license

-continuing education requirements through ASHA and state

Speech-lang pathologist (what they do)

-identify, assess, treat, and prevent speech and lang disorders

-assess and treat swallowing disorders

-assess and treat cognitive-linguistic disorders

-about half of all speech-lang path's work in schools

-4 yr. bachelor's degree (B.A./B.S. usually in hearing and speech sciences)

-2 yr. master's degree (M.A or M.S)

(coursework and clinical practice)

-9 month supervised employment (Clinical Fellowship Year-CFY)

-take exam, earn CCC from ASHA

-researches anatomy and physiology of typical and pathological speech sound productions or structures that make them

-study physics of speech and production

-computer generated speech

-speech viewed electonrically

-research development of language in children

-loss of langauge due to neuro problems

-language characterisitics of people w/ varying disorders

-second language acquisition

-language as it relates to speech disorders

-investigates nature of sounds

-effects of noise on hearing

-develops techniques for assessing hearing

-develops better amplification devices

-paraprofessionals

-NOT certified by ASHA but licensed in some states (MD)

-may be hired w/ undergrad degree

-can do screenings, routine therapy tasks

-work only under supervision of a certified speech-lang pathologist or audiologist