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UMB Public Health Final
P3 - Exam 2
98
Pharmacology
Professional
05/08/2017

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Intervention is step __ of the _______ phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model
Definition
4a; Precede
Term
What happens in step 4b of the PP model
Definition
Administrative and policy assessment
Term
Step surrounding an intervention
Definition
Pre-measure
Intervention
Post-measure
Term
To change a behavior you must collectively influence what 3 factors (aka: intervention-multiplicity)
Definition
1. Predisposing
2. Enabling
3. Reinforcing factors
Term
Intervention dose is defined as
Definition
number of times the intervention is offered
Term
As intervention dose increases chance for change
Definition
also increases
Term
7 Types of strategies used as interventions are:
Definition
Health ed
Health communication
Health policy/enforcement
environmental changes
Health-related community service
community mobilization
other
Term
Health education strategies include:
Definition
Lectures
Discussions
Audio/Visual material
Computerized instruction
written materials
Term
Health communication strategies include:
Definition
increasing risk perception
motivation to action
demo simple skills
reinforce behaviors
build social norms
Term
Health communications strategies are designed to
Definition
inform
Term
Health communication strategies have a _____ penetration rate
Definition
high
Term
Ways health communication strategies are delivered
Definition
intrapersonal - one-on-one
interpersonal - small groups
Organization - newsletters
Mass media - TV, billboards...
Term
W/hen developing written material IRT health communication strategies
Definition
Tailor to local population
Consider language
Consider literacy level
Short + Appealing
Term
Health policy/enforcement strategies are useful when...
Definition
other methods have failed
Term
Two things to think about when using Health policy/enforcement strategies
Definition
1. Can be controversial
2. Can Raise ethical issues
Term
an example of Health policy/enforcement strategies would be:
Definition
Seat belt laws
Term
To successfully implement Health policy/enforcement strategies
Definition
1. involve population
2. Get support from decision makers
3. Formulate on sound principles and research
4. have comm/monitor/eval/enforce plan
Term
Environmental change strategies are aimed at changing ______, _______, and _______
Definition
conditions, structures, and services
Term
Does target population need to engage in Environmental change strategies
Definition
No - examples are removing ash trays, making sidewalks...
Term
Examples of community service strategies are
Definition
immunization srvcs
screenings
Term
It is important to __________ when using community service strategies
Definition
reduce barriers
Term
When employing community mobilization strategies the number one objective is:
Definition
energize the community around a cause
Term
W/hen implementing we convert ________, _____, and _____ in to action
Definition
planning, goals and objectives
Term
5 phases of implementation
Definition
1. Adoption
2. Identify/prioritize Tasks
3. establish mgmt. sys
4. action
5. end or sustain
Term
_________ theory explains patterns of adoption
Definition
diffusion
Term
IRT adoption; what are the characteristics of innovation
Definition
relative advantage
compatibility
complexity
trialability
observability
Term
IRT to adoption; 5 characteristics of adopters
Definition
Innovators - risk takers
Early adopters - opinion leaders
Early majority - deliberative; req ext motivation
Late majority -skeptical; req ext motivation
Laggards - suspicious; last to adopt
Term
What two groups of adopters are key in a successful program?
Definition
1. Early adopters
2. Early majority
Term
When identifying and prioritizing tasks layout plans for how long?
Definition
life of the project
Term
A Gantt chart would be used in what phase of implementation
Definition
Identify and prioritize tasks
Term
Systems of MGMT include
Definition
1. Human resources
2. Financial resources
3. Technical resources
Term
# phases of putting a plan into action IRT implementation
Definition
1. Pilot
2. Phasing in
3. Full implementation
Term
Ways to sustain a program IRT the stages of implantation
Definition
Grants
Public funding
fee-for-srvc
fundraisers...
Term
Consent forms should be written at a _____level
Definition
6-8th grade
Term
3 ethical issues to consider when implementing a program
Definition
1. Respect
2. Beneficence
3. Justice
Term
List some resources reqd for health promotion programs
Definition
personnel
curriculum
space
equipment
supplies
finances
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs INTERNAL PERSONNEL are
Definition
In planning agency or priority population (peers, clinic employees...)
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs EXTERNAL PERSONNEL are
Definition
From the outside of planning agency or the priority population (vendors)
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs some advantage of INTERNAL personnel are:
Definition
Reduced cost
Easy to schedule
Higher level of control
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs disadvantages of INTERNAL personal are:
Definition
training reqd
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs advantages of EXTERNAL personnel are
Definition
knowledge
Respected
Resources
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs disadvantage of EXTERNAL personnel are:
Definition
Cost
Less control
Limitations of vendors
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs Curricula can be acquired from
Definition
1. Self develop
2. Developed by agencies
3. Purchased
4. Some random combo of the above
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs advantages of self developed curricula are
Definition
tailored to population
culturally appropriate
time and cost
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs advantages of agency/organization curricula are
Definition
Free/low costs
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs places to look for grant money are:
Definition
Catalog of Fed Dom Assistance (CFDA)
Federal register
Grants.gov
Term
IRT resources of health promotion programs grant proposals should include
Definition
Timeline
Budget
Description
More stuff that seems to obvious to type here as I cram study for this final exam
Term
T/F Budgets should be broken into 12mo increments
Definition
T
Term
When creating a budget always determine your objective. 3 potential objectives are
Definition
1. Profit
2. Loose money
3. Break even
Term
T/F the largest expenditure of a budget is personnel?
Definition
T
Term
Describe the difference between linguistic proficiency and cultural competence
Definition
Linguistic = speak/read/write
Culture = behaviors and beliefs
Term
Title VI of the civil rights act...
Definition
prohibits race discrimination when receiving federal funding

Interpreter ans translation srvc are reqd
Term
Interpreter v. Translator
Definition
interpreter = spoken lang
Translator = written lang
Term
Preferred interpreter models are
Definition
1. Professional
2. Telephonic
3. Bilingual providers
Term
Three levels of the Cultural competence triangle from bottom to top
Definition
Attitude (bottom)
Knowledge
Skill (apex)
Term
CLAS standards were developed by
Definition
Office of minority health - DHHS
Term
CLAS stands for
Definition
culturally and linguistically appropriate servcs
Term
Define evaluation
Definition
The comparison of an object of interest against a standard of acceptability
Term
When defining evaluation "object" refers to what?
Definition
Intervention, goals, target, objectives
Term
When defining evaluation "standard of acceptability" refers to
Definition
Minimum performance
Effectiveness
Benefits used to judje
Term
Types of standards
Definition
Arbitrary
Scientific
Historical
Normative
Compromise
Term
Historical standards judge effectiveness to what standard?
Definition
Past performance of the same program
Term
Normative standards judge effectiveness to what standard
Definition
What the program has achieved in similar communities
Term
Compromise standards judge effectiveness against what standards
Definition
professional organizations
stake-holder opinion
Term
Three levels of evaluation
Definition
process
Impact
Outcome
Term
Threats to internal validity
Definition
history
maturation
regression
contamination
demoralization
Term
Threats to external validity
Definition
social desirability
hawthorne effect
placebo effect
Term
Characteristics of ideal program design
Definition
Experimental and comparison groups are similar in all ways but the inter vention

Pre and post interviews

No threat to internal or external validity
Term
3 evaluation designs
Definition
experimental (random ass)
Quasi experimental (no random ass)
Non experimental (no control group)
Term
PP Model - Epidemiology assessment is part of phase ___ and includes ________, __, and _______.
Definition
Part of Phase 2 and 7
Includes:
-Genetics
-Behavior
-Environment
-Health
Term
During the PP model epidemiology assessment we
Definition
identify and rank the top health issue
Term
The 3 perceptions of "need" IRT the PP model and identifying the top health concern
Definition
1. public need
2. actual need
3. Resources/feasabilty
Term
Define epidemiology
Definition
the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related conditions or events in defined populations, and the application of the study to control health problems
Term
Epidemiological questions ask
Definition
the 5Ws of a health problem
Term
The importance of health problems is judged on _____ and ________
Definition
magnitude and distribution of the problem
Term
When assessing health problem
Definition
Determine importance
Program priorities
Allocate responsibilities
Term
Health people 2020 top 4 concerns
Definition
1. access to care
2. Healthy behaviors
3. Chronic disease
4. I/njury
Term
Describe comparison IRT to a healthe problem
Definition
# of people with
v.
# of people without
Term
Incidence
Definition
NEW CASEs of a disease over a period of time
Term
Cumulative incidence =
Definition
# of new cases/# of total pop. risk
Term
Prevalence
Definition
# of cases at a PARTICULAR POINT in time
Term
Prevalence =
Definition
# of Cases / total population
Term
Things to consider when setting priorities
Definition
1. greatest impact
2. subpopulation at special risk
3. most amenable to intervention
4. Not already being addressed
5. greatest yield or meas. improvements
6. regional or national priorities
Term
T/F developing heath objectives is just another case of the 5 Ws
Definition
T
Term
Where does "environment" fit into the PP model
Definition
Phase II and 7 / epidemiological assessment
Term
T/F environmental factors must be changeable
Definition
T
Term
_________ and ________ can be used to determine how each environmental factor effects the population
Definition
incidence and prevalence
Term
T/F Public and political support should be considered when selecting environmental factors to change
Definition
T
Term
When thinkin of the 4 quadrant thing quad 1 represents
Definition
more changeable and more important
Term
T/F addressing both behavior and environmental factors is more successful
Definition
T
Term
Phase 3 of PP model is entitled ______, and covers _____, _______, and _______
Definition
Educational/ecological assessment
Predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling
Term
Describe predisposing factors
Definition
Any characteristic that makes a person more or less likely to adopt a behavior such as:
knowledge
attitude
belief
values
Term
Describe Reinforcing factors
Definition
Any reward or punishment that strengthens the motivation for behavior change to occur such as:
parents
teachers
employers
peers
Term
Describe enabling factors
Definition
Int and Ext conditions that help people change behavior such as:
resources
accessibility
skill
Term
Must people can change without all three educational/acological factors (predisposing, enabling, reinforcing)lining up
Definition
F
Term
Diffusions of innovation occur on which side of the PP model
Definition
Left (social/epidemiological assessment)
Term
At which stages of the PP model would interpersonal theory apply
Definition
All stages
Term
At which stage of the PP model would intrapersonal theories apply?
Definition
Ed and Eco ass.
Epi ass.
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