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UMB OTC-Cough|Cold|Allergy
P3 - Exam 1
58
Pharmacology
Professional
10/09/2016

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What respiratory structures are affected in a cold
Definition
pharynx
nasopharynx
nose
cavernous sinusoids
paranasal sinusoids
Term
There are 200+ virus that cause colds, but the majority of colds is caused by
Definition
rhinoviruses
Term
When is peak viral concentrations reached?
Definition
3-4days after innoculation
Term
How long are viruses present in the nasopharynx?
Definition
16-18 days
Term
What is the most efficient way people are infected with colds
Definition
self inoculation.
Term
Describe the presentation of a cold
Definition
-Days 1-3 sore throat
-2-3 days later nasal symptoms
-Day 4-5 cough (<20%)
Term
T/F colds are rarely associated with fevers >100deg F
Definition
True
Term
Describe mucus throughout a cold
Definition
Day 1-2-clear and thin
Middle-Green|yellow and thick
End-clear and thin
Term
Goal of cold therapy?
Definition
No cure. Treat symptoms.
Term
Decongestants are what class of medicine?
Definition
adrenergic agonists (sympathomimetic)
Term
Three types of decongestants
Definition
direct, indirect, mixed
Term
What is RM
Definition
Rhinitis medicaments
aka: rebound congestion
Term
When is RM a concern?
Definition
When using a decongestants beyond 5 days
Term
FDA recommended age for cough and cold syrups?
Definition
2yo, MFGs say 4yo
Term
Are antihistamines effective in relieving cold related rhinorrhea and sneezing?
Definition
No
Term
3 systemic nasal decongestants
Definition
phenylephrine HCL
phenylephrine bitartate
Pseudoephedrine
Term
5 topical (drops/sprays) decongestants
Definition
ephedrine
phenylephrine
naphazoline
oxymetazoline
xylometazoline
Term
Decongestants are contraindicated in pats who are taking...
Definition
MAOIs (cause BP incr.)
Term
When should patients stop/not self treatment?
Definition
If symptoms continue beyond 7-14 days
Term
T/F Pseudoephedrine is safe for breast feeding?
Definition
True
Term
Therapuetic objectives for treating cold
Definition
1. Symptom relief
2. prevent spread
3. improve QOL
Term
Allergies are classified into two categories
Definition
1. intermittent <4wks
2. Persistent >4wks
Term
Moderate to severe allergies of either class
Definition
Impact QOL
Term
Goals of allergy therapy?
Definition
NOT CURABLE
1. improve qol
2. reduce symptoms
Term
3 steps of treating allergic rhinitis
Definition
1. avoidance
2. pharmacotherapy
3. immunotherapy
Term
Intermittent allergies in the late/summer fall are caused by
Definition
mold spores
Term
Intermittent allergies in the fall to first-frost are caused by
Definition
ragweed
Term
Intermittent allergies in the early summer are caused by
Definition
grasses
Term
Intermittent allergies in the spring are caused by
Definition
trees
Term
Persistent allergies could be caused by
Definition
cats, dust mites, pollutants, cockroaches
Term
2 INCSs available on the market
Definition
Nasacort
Flonase
Term
Which drug class is only indicated for moderate to severe IAR and PER
Definition
INCSs
Term
How to treat allergies
Definition
1. INCS or AH
2. Decongestant if ness
3. Re-evaluate in 2-4wks
Term
First-line allergic rhinitis option for pregnant women
Definition
intra nasal chromolyn
chlorpheniramine (1rst gen AH)
Term
other options for allergic rhinitis option for pregnant women
Definition
diphenhydramine
loratidine
certerizine
Term
T/F antihistamines are contraindicated in breast feeding?
Definition
T
Term
First gen antihistamines
Definition
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimeton)
Term
Second gen antihistamines
Definition
loratidine (claritin/alovert)
cetirizine (Zyrtec)
fexofenadine (allegra)
Term
Nasasl products
Definition
Nasacort (Trimcinolone)
Nasalcrom (Cromolyn)
arious saline based
Term
AH of choice for children
Definition
loratidine
Term
3 classifications of cough
Definition
1. acute <3wks
2. sub acute 3-8wks
3. Chronic >8wks
Term
Therapuetic goals when treating cough?
Definition
1. Reduce amount and severity of coughing episodes
2. prevent complications
Term
T/F cough treatment is symptomatic?
Definition
True - cough is a defensive reflex
Term
2 ways to describe cough?
Definition
1.productive
2. non productive
Term
What is the preferred way to treat NON productive cough
Definition
Antitussives:
codine
dextromethorphan
diphenhydramine
chlorphedianol
Term
The only FDA approved expectorant?
Definition
Guaifenesin
Term
Approved topical antitussives
Definition
Camphor
Menthol
Term
ACCP recommendations for the common cold (viral cough)
Definition
decongestant
diphenhydramine (cough)
MAYBE naproxen (cough)
Term
ACCP recommendations for post infection sub acute cough?
Definition
codeine or dextromethorphan
Term
Dextromethorphan commercial products
Definition
Dayquil
Delysm
Robitussin LA
anything DM
Term
Some differential diagnosis from colds:
Definition
asthma
COPD
Influenza
West nile
Any of the bact. infections from peds
Term
Cold exclusions
Definition
MI
Fever
Term
Long-lasting decongestants
Definition
Psuedo - oral
Oxymetazoline - Nasal
Term
Which intranasal are not recommended for children 6-12yo
Definition
Phenylephrine 1 and 0.5
Xylometazoline 0.1
Naphazoline 0.05
Term
Which intranasals are recommended for children < 6yo
Definition
Oxymetazoline 0.025
Phenylephrine 0.125
Xylometazoline 0.05
Term
T/F Decongestants are contraindicated in patients receiving MAOIs?
Definition
TRUE
Term
Any commercial decongestant with PE contains
Definition
phenylephrine
Term
Any commercial combo product with D contains
Definition
a decongestant
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