Term
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Definition
| pure; cannot be broken down |
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Term
| How many elements occur in nature? |
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Definition
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Term
| 96% of living matter is composed of? |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,and Nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest unit of matter that retain element properties |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleus: proton-positive and neutron-neutral
Cloud: electrons-negative |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sum of proton and neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| Different atomic form of an element with different number of NEUTRONS |
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Term
| Which part of the atom interacts and which part never interacts? |
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Definition
Nuclei-NEVER interacts
Electron cloud-interact |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 atoms sharing pair of valence electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| covalent bond with 2 atoms that PULL EQUALLY |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrons are NOT shared equally |
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Term
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Definition
| Demands more energy to change the temperature-water |
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Term
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Definition
| "loves" water-dissolve easily |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inorganic mole. made of many building blocks |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is neutral, acid and a base? |
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Definition
Neutral-7
Acid-0-7
Base-7-14 |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 monomers bond because LOSS of H20 |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 monomers break because the ADDITION of H20 |
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Term
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Definition
| simplest of carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a sugar and a polymer of sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| Join 2 monosaccharides with dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
| polymers of sugar-> storage/structural roles |
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Term
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Definition
| Storage polymer of plants, polymer of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Storage polymer of animals, not intended for energy |
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Term
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Definition
| MAJOR part of plant cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
large biological molecule WITHOUT a monomer
Consists of: fats,phospholipids, and steroids |
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Term
| Proteins are Enzymes which are catalysts |
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Definition
| NOT all catalysts are enzymes |
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Term
| Primary Level of a protein structure |
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Definition
| unique set of amino acids |
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Term
| Secondary level of a protein structure |
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Definition
| Common; coil/folds in polypeptide chain |
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Term
| Tertiary level of a protein structure |
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Definition
| interactions among various side chains |
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Term
| Quaternary level of a protein structure |
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Definition
| protein has MULTIPLE polypeptide chains |
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Term
| which part of H2O is positive and negative? |
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Definition
Hydrogen-Positive
Oxygen-Negative |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| water x other substance like plastic |
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Term
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Definition
| more energy to change the temperature of H2O |
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Term
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Definition
| H2O has a high heat of vaporization, which means more calories to evaporate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| compounds with same molecular formula but DIFFERENT structure and properties |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| single, Cytosine and Thymine |
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Term
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Definition
| Double, Guanine and Adenine |
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Term
| All organisms are made of what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins. ALL CELLS NEED THIS |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes condense into Chromatin when they prepare to DIVIDE |
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Term
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Definition
| "highway system" of cell. Modify, packages,sorts and packages materials. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular respiration location, metabolic, use oxygen to generate ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| membranous stack to form a GRANUM |
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Term
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Definition
| internal fluid inside cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| fiber network that extends throughout cytoplasm, organize cell and anchor organelles |
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Term
| what are the differences between a plant and animal cell? |
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Definition
| cell wall, vacoule, peroxsisome,chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
| Allow some substances to cross more easily than others. |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules spread evenly into an avalible space |
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Term
| Where does water move during diffusion? |
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Definition
| Higher Concentration to lower concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of water across a membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| water moves out, cell becomes shrivled |
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Term
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Definition
| Water moves in, cell becomes bloated |
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Term
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Definition
| RELEASE energy by BREAKING complex molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| CONSUME energy to build complex molecules from simple molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform |
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Term
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Definition
| Net RELEASE of energy, negative, lose energy |
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Term
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Definition
| ABSORB free energy, positive, gain energy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical agent that speeds up a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic Catalyst, also a protien |
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Term
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Definition
| energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| break down of sugar, occurs without oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Works without oxygen, yeast and anaerobic bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that loses elections |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance gains elections |
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Term
| What are the steps of Cellular Respiration |
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Definition
Step 1: Glycolysis
Step 2: Citric Acid Cycle
Step 3:Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Term
| What happens in step 1 of Cellular Respiration? |
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Definition
| Glycolysis can be converted into pyruvate, then it enters the mitochodria |
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Term
| What happens in step 2 of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
Citric acid cycle: pyruvate converts into Acetyl CoA, links glycolysis to citric acid cycle.
OXYGEN MUST BE PRESENT IN THE FOLLOWING
inside mitochondrial matrix, acetyl coA joins cycle by combining with oxalacetate...cyce repeats |
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Term
| What happens in step 3 of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Powers ATP synthesis by oxidative phophorylation, converts all energy into ATP....REULST IS 32 ATP |
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Term
| What are autotrophs and heterotrophs? |
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Definition
Autotrophs: producers
Heterotrophs: consumers |
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Term
| What cycles does photosynthesis consist of? |
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Definition
| Light reaction (photosynthesis) and Synthesis part (Calvin cycle) |
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Term
| What parts of light do plants absorb and plants reflect? |
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Definition
| Absorbs every color but green, while it reflects green |
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Term
| What does the calvin Cycle do? |
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Definition
| Takes in CO2 from air and turns it into a sugar,Anabolic |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell division that produces NON-IDENTICAL daughter cells. (gametes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of nuclear content |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of cytoplasm and organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| G1, S Phase:where sister chromatids and made, G2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes condense into chromatin |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes line up at metaphase plate, Spindle fibers attach to centromere region |
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Term
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Definition
| sister chromatids separate and more towards opposite ends |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuclear membrane reforms and the BOOM cytokinesis....wow |
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Term
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Definition
| actual display of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes that do not determine gender |
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Term
| What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells? |
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Definition
Haploid:half the chromosomes, product of Meiosis 1 and 2
Diploid:All chromosomes,2n |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 haploid cells with replicated chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 daughter dells with UNREPLICATED chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| When homologous chromosomes loosely pair up making a TETRAD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Non-sister chromatids exhange DNA segments ( in your book it looks like pink chromosomes with blue tips, when they separate its like they take a bit of the other chromosome with them) |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromatids that cross over to form an X |
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Term
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Definition
| alternate version of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Identical offspring, small gene pool, reason for pure breed dogs |
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Term
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Definition
| Inbetween of 2 parental varieties, Such as a red and white flower having pink babies!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 dominant alleles that affect the phenotype in separate and distinguishable ways |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes with multiples phenotypic effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Gene at 1 locus alters phenotipic expression of a gene on anaother |
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Term
| What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? |
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Definition
| Genes have certain loci on chromosomes,chromosomes undergo inependent assortment and segregation |
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Term
| Who discovered that a specific gene witha specific chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| phenotypes common in the population (5 fingers) |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternative traits to wild type (your face jkjkjkjk...there are alot of cards here) |
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Term
| What are the 2 different types of sex chormosomes and what are their sizes? |
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Definition
X-larger -duh
Y-smaller-hah |
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Term
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Definition
| on Y chromosomes, development of TESTES, without it the default is FEMALE |
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Term
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Definition
| a gene located on either sex chromosome, for humans it is located on larger X chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the use of Barr Bodies? |
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Definition
| used in Olympics to check gender, is in one of the two X's in a female |
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Term
| Who is Alfred Stuaterant? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pair of homologous chromosomes that do not divide properly |
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Term
| James Watson and Francis Crick |
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Definition
| introduced double helix structure |
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Term
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Definition
| discovered genes located on chromosomes are made of DNA and PROTEINS |
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Term
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Definition
| widely used in genetic research |
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Term
| Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase |
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Definition
| Did experiments proving DNA is genetic material of a phage known as T2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Dna composition varies from species to species-A and T are in equal amounts so is C and G.. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced picture of DNA with a crystallograph |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that UNWINDS double helix |
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Term
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Definition
| read base and build corresponding base, DOES MOST WORK |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA molecules at end of chromosomes that postpone erosion of genes, cause of aging |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for 1st level of DNA packing in a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| I advise reading through your spiral..I tried covering alot of it through this ridiculous amount of note cards and I hope it helps us all c:!~ |
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