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UCONN Geog 160 Jones Exam 1
Exam 1 Geography 160
36
Geography
Undergraduate 1
02/12/2007

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Term
areal differentiation
Definition
The geographic descripton and explanation of spatial differences on Earth's surface; this includes physical as well as human patterns
Term
areal integration
Definition
The geographic description and explanation of how places, landscapes,and regions are connected, interactive, and integrated with each other
Term
cultural imperialism
Definition
The active promotion of one cultural system over another, such as the implantation of a new language, school system, or bureaucracy. Historically, this has been primarily associated with European colonialism.
Term
culture
Definition
LEarned and shared behavior by a group of people empowering them with a distinct "way of life"; it includes both material and immaterial components.
Term
decolonialization
Definition
The process of a former colony's gaining or regaining independence over its territory and establishing or reestablishing an independent government
Term
economic convergence
Definition
The notion that globalizaion will result in the world's poorer countries gradually catching up with more advanced economies
Term
globalization
Definition
The increasing interconnectedness of people and places throughout the world through converging processes of economic, political and cultural change
Term
nation-state
Definition
A relatively homogeneous cultural group with its own political territory
Term
region
Definition
a large land area that has geographic, political, or cultural characteristics that distinguish it from others, whether existing within one country or extending over several
Term
secularization
Definition
The widespread movement in Western Europe away from regular participation and engagementwith tradtional organized religions such as Protestantism or Catholicism
Term
Supranational organization
Definition
Governing Bodies that include several states, such as trade organizations, and often involve a loss of some state powers to achieve the organization's goals
Term
transational firm
Definition
firms that, although they may be chartered and have headquarters in one specific country, do international business through an array of global subsidiaries
Term
acid rain
Definition
harmful form of precipitation high in sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Caused by industrial and auto emissions, acid rain damages aquatic and forest ecosystems in regions such as eastern Norht America and Europe
Term
cultural assimilation
Definition
The process in which immigrants are culturally absorbed into the larger host society
Term
federal state
Definition
Political system in which a significant amount of power is given to individual states
Term
unitary state
Definition
Political system in which power is centralized at the national level
Term
Megalopolis
Definition
A large urban region formed as multiple cities grow and merge with one another
Term
NAFTA
Definition
an agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico
Term
postindustrial economy
Definition
an economy in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors dominate employment and expansion
Term
sectoal transformation
Definition
the evolution of a labor force from being highly dependent on the primary sector to being oriented around more employment in the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors
Term
connectivity
Definition
the degree to which different locations are linked with one another through transportation and communication infrastructure
Term
location factors
Definition
the various influences that explain why an economic activity takes place where it does
Term
gentrification
Definition
a process of urban revitalization in which higher-income residents displace lower-income residents in central city neighborhoods
Term
urban primacy
Definition
state in which a disproportionately large city, such as London, New Yorkm or Bangkok, dominates the urban system and is the center of economic, political and cultural life
Term
agrarian reform
Definition
A popular but controversial strategy to redistribute land to peasant farmers
Term
altitudinal zonation
Definition
relationship between higher elevations, cooler temperatures and changes in vegetation that result from the enviormental lapse rate
Term
Columbian Exchange
Definition
an exchange of people, diseases, plants and animals between the Americas and Europe/Africa initiated by the arrival of Columbus
Term
dependency theory
Definition
popular theory to explain patterns of economic development in Latin Aerica. Its central premise is that underdevelopment was created by the expansion of European capitalism into the region that served to develop "core" countries in Europe and to impoverish and make dependent peripheral areas such as Latin America
Term
El Nino
Definition
an abnormally large warm current that appears off the coast of Ecuador and Peru in december
Term
informal sector
Definition
much debated concept that presupposes a dual economic system consisting of formal and informal sectors. The informal sector includes self employed, low wage jobs that are usually unregulated and untaxed.
Term
maquiladora
Definition
assembly plants on the mexican border built by foreign capital
Term
megacity
Definition
urban conglomerations of more than 10 million people
Term
mestizo
Definition
a person of european and indian ancestry
Term
remittances
Definition
money sent by immigrants to their country of origin to support family members left behind
Term
rural-to-urban migration
Definition
the flow of internal migrants from rural areas to cities that began in the 1950s and intensified in the 1960s and 1970s
Term
Treaty of Tordesillas
Definition
treaty signed in 1494 between spain and portugal that drew a north-south line some 300 leagues west of the Azores and Cape Verde islands. Spain got land to the west of line and Portugal got everything to the east of the line
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