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| The geographic descripton and explanation of spatial differences on Earth's surface; this includes physical as well as human patterns |
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| The geographic description and explanation of how places, landscapes,and regions are connected, interactive, and integrated with each other |
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| The active promotion of one cultural system over another, such as the implantation of a new language, school system, or bureaucracy. Historically, this has been primarily associated with European colonialism. |
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| LEarned and shared behavior by a group of people empowering them with a distinct "way of life"; it includes both material and immaterial components. |
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| The process of a former colony's gaining or regaining independence over its territory and establishing or reestablishing an independent government |
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| The notion that globalizaion will result in the world's poorer countries gradually catching up with more advanced economies |
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| The increasing interconnectedness of people and places throughout the world through converging processes of economic, political and cultural change |
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| A relatively homogeneous cultural group with its own political territory |
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| a large land area that has geographic, political, or cultural characteristics that distinguish it from others, whether existing within one country or extending over several |
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| The widespread movement in Western Europe away from regular participation and engagementwith tradtional organized religions such as Protestantism or Catholicism |
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| Supranational organization |
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| Governing Bodies that include several states, such as trade organizations, and often involve a loss of some state powers to achieve the organization's goals |
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| firms that, although they may be chartered and have headquarters in one specific country, do international business through an array of global subsidiaries |
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| harmful form of precipitation high in sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Caused by industrial and auto emissions, acid rain damages aquatic and forest ecosystems in regions such as eastern Norht America and Europe |
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| The process in which immigrants are culturally absorbed into the larger host society |
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| Political system in which a significant amount of power is given to individual states |
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| Political system in which power is centralized at the national level |
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| A large urban region formed as multiple cities grow and merge with one another |
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| an agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico |
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| an economy in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors dominate employment and expansion |
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| the evolution of a labor force from being highly dependent on the primary sector to being oriented around more employment in the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors |
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| the degree to which different locations are linked with one another through transportation and communication infrastructure |
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| the various influences that explain why an economic activity takes place where it does |
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| a process of urban revitalization in which higher-income residents displace lower-income residents in central city neighborhoods |
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| state in which a disproportionately large city, such as London, New Yorkm or Bangkok, dominates the urban system and is the center of economic, political and cultural life |
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| A popular but controversial strategy to redistribute land to peasant farmers |
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| relationship between higher elevations, cooler temperatures and changes in vegetation that result from the enviormental lapse rate |
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| an exchange of people, diseases, plants and animals between the Americas and Europe/Africa initiated by the arrival of Columbus |
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| popular theory to explain patterns of economic development in Latin Aerica. Its central premise is that underdevelopment was created by the expansion of European capitalism into the region that served to develop "core" countries in Europe and to impoverish and make dependent peripheral areas such as Latin America |
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| an abnormally large warm current that appears off the coast of Ecuador and Peru in december |
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| much debated concept that presupposes a dual economic system consisting of formal and informal sectors. The informal sector includes self employed, low wage jobs that are usually unregulated and untaxed. |
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| assembly plants on the mexican border built by foreign capital |
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| urban conglomerations of more than 10 million people |
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| a person of european and indian ancestry |
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| money sent by immigrants to their country of origin to support family members left behind |
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| the flow of internal migrants from rural areas to cities that began in the 1950s and intensified in the 1960s and 1970s |
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| treaty signed in 1494 between spain and portugal that drew a north-south line some 300 leagues west of the Azores and Cape Verde islands. Spain got land to the west of line and Portugal got everything to the east of the line |
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