Term
| Early scholars of urbanization portrayed the city as |
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Definition
| As a dangerous place where family was threatened. Capitalists, who were wealthy, lived outside of the city. They mostly only saw the poor conditions and crime. They acknowledged the opportunity but thought it wasn’t very big. People worked long shifts and made little money. |
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Term
| Quality of life indicators |
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Definition
| Safety, community, economy |
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Term
| Early sociologists began studying the city |
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Definition
| Late 19th century (such as Weber, not Marx) |
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Term
| Cities were first studied systematically (academic disciplines) |
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Definition
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Term
| Demographers suggest that the development of suburban regions for beyond the urban core results from |
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Definition
| The exodus of burdens and industry from central cities. Gave access to more opportunities. |
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Term
| Urban growth in a global context |
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Definition
| Highest rates in developing countries |
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Term
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Definition
| analyzes how people spread out within an urban area |
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Term
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Definition
| Pattern of city life shaped by wealth and power disparities. |
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Term
| The concept of “geimeinschaft” means” |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Durkheim, “organic solidarity” is |
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Definition
| A social order based on a complex division of labor |
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Term
| It can be said that Greek cities |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The postindustrial era is characterized by |
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Definition
| dual labor markets in cities |
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Term
| According to recent empirical evidence, the city |
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Definition
b. Does not promote a greater malaise than rural areas do
c. Is not as impersonal as many thought it was
d. Is more tolerant than other types of settlements |
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Term
| The demographic trends that contributed to the increase in urban population are: |
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Definition
depopulation of rural areas
immigrating from abroad |
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Term
| Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, cities in Europe |
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Definition
| became smaller or disappeared |
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Term
| Between 1870 and 1920, cities grew |
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Definition
| both upwards and outwards |
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Term
| According to Weber, the ideal city has |
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Definition
association
political autonomy
trade and commercial relations |
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Term
| Parks’ urban sociology, when compared to the classical European tradition |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The focus of Georg Simmel’s work was |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The following technological advances promoted the growth of the “great metropolis” except for |
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Definition
|
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Term
| It can be said that the American Revolution |
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Definition
| Was a city-instigated war |
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Term
| The context in which urban sociology emerged was |
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Definition
| Industrial Revolution in Europe |
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Term
| Wirth’s mistake in formulating his theory of urbanism was in |
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Definition
| Generalizing too much from the urban conditions of the time in which he lived |
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Term
| The period since 1950 has been characterized by |
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Definition
b. People moving to areas surrounding the city itself
c. A decentralization of production |
|
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Term
| concentric zone hypothesis |
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Definition
| b. Cities grow outward in a series of concentric rings over time |
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Term
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Definition
| Interact with social factors to shape the city |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of social groups to different neighborhoods of the city |
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Term
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Definition
| Lacks theory and explanations |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of a census tract inhabited by people sharing a unique combination of social characteristics |
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Term
| What Burgess calls the zone in transition |
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Definition
| Consists primarily of light manufacture factories and ethnic neighborhoods |
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Term
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Definition
a. Draws from plant and animal ecology
b. Studies the relationships between human beings and their urban environment
c. Robert Park |
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Term
|
Definition
| Were typically built after the industrial revolution |
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Term
| According to Park, the shape of the city is |
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Definition
| determined by competition and population movement |
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Term
| The chief reason for the settlement, growth, and destruction of New Orleans has been |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Some approaches for relieving traffic congestion focus on building highway lanes known as: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is sprawl detrimental to cities |
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Definition
b. It destroys downtown commerce
c. It erodes the city’s tax base
d. It increases unemployment and concentrates poverty in urban centers |
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Term
| Those seeking to stop urban sprawl tend to concentrate on four strategies. Which of the following is NOT one of the four strategies? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the United States, _______ can be traced to the late 1800’s, when upper-income gated developments sprang up, as wealthy citizens sought to “insulate themselves from the troublesome aspects of rapidly industrializing cities.” |
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Definition
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Term
| The term used to describe spread-out or low-density development beyond the edge of services and employment is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Sprawl is most obvious and grows most spectacularly in rapid growth regions such as the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT one of the solutions to urban sprawl discussed in the text |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ are new, sprawling, middle-class automobile-dependent centers typically located at the fringe of older urban areas, at the intersections of major highways, where little except villages or farmland existed three decades ago |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In Crabgrass Frontier, Jackson attributes the erosion of the walking city to |
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Definition
| the transportation revolution |
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Term
| Gated communities can be classified into three categories. Which if the following is NOT one of the three categories? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Low-income neighborhoods in urban areas have been referred to as |
|
Definition
b. Inner-city neighborhoods
c. Ghettos
d. Slums |
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Term
| According to Herbert Gans, a city’s working-class neighborhoods can be referred to as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ______ is a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality |
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Definition
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Term
| In American Apartheid, Massey and Denton argue that ______ is the forgotten factor of American race relations |
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Definition
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Term
| Grand Rapids, Michigan is an example of a(n) _____ neighborhoods |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Social scientists refer to urban neighborhoods that have extreme levels of poverty and unemployment as |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these is the hierarchical ranking within a society of various social class groups according to wealth, power, and prestige? |
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Definition
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Term
| Max Weber outlined three dimensions of social stratification/ Which of the following is NOT one of those dimensions |
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Definition
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Term
| Muller identified three sub-types of black suburbs. Which of the following is NOT one of these? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Wilson's social dislocations of the inner city |
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Definition
a. Contemporary discrimination
b. Historic discrimination
c. Economic shifts |
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Term
| The last decade has been characterized by all but which of the following trends … |
|
Definition
| an increase in manufacturing jobs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Describes a market system where the government provides workers with subsidies |
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Term
| Gerald Suttle’s study in Chicago’s West Side finds that |
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Definition
| ethnic and racial groups form their own territory |
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Term
|
Definition
| As distance from the Central Business District increases, rents decrease. |
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Term
| Central Place Theory posits that |
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Definition
a. Cities are able to produce goods and services more effectively than smaller places
c. Economic advantages increase as one moves closer to the central business district
d. Cities promote competition among producers |
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Term
| Which of the following types of areas contains the highest concentrations of poverty |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Since 1960, most immigrants to the United States have been |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Logan and Molotch argue that urban growth coalitions |
|
Definition
| focus on increased profit and economic activities |
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Term
| Black migration to the North was influenced by all of the following EXCEPT |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| governments shape use of city space |
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Term
| In the United States, economic restructuring is characterized by |
|
Definition
A decline in the proportion of manufacturing jobs in overall employment
A rising skills mismatch |
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Term
| That many industries absorb their competitors and form oligopolies |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The distribution of wealth and power are important determinants of the shape of cities |
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Term
| The term “chain migration” refers to the idea that |
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Definition
| Immigrants tend to settle near friends and relatives |
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Term
| The utility of the world-system prospective is that it: |
|
Definition
| links changes in cities to development of global economy |
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Term
| The term used for local elites who make policy decisions and/or have sway over local practices are known as _____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In Black on the Block, Patllo specifically examines the intersection of ___ and ___ in the city |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Patillo uses the imagery of ____ from two racially different areas to demonstrate how messages concerning class are communicated to different segments |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The Chicago political machine … |
|
Definition
| maintained quality of CBD |
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Term
| Logan and Molotch argue that urban growth coalitions |
|
Definition
| increase profits and economic activity |
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Term
| The research method employed by Pattillo in Black on the Block is … |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Patillo argues that merits of non-structural approaches to reducing urban poverty, such as … |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In the movie Streetfight, Cory Booker challenged Sharpe James, the incumbent mayor of … |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The neighborhood in Chicago that Patillo did her research in was called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The political tactics employed by the Sharpe James campaign in the movie Streetfight are best described as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest Urban Agglomerations are also known as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| problems in cities in developing world |
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Definition
a. Spiraling populations
c. Quality of life problems
d. Shantytowns |
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Term
| World-systems perspective |
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Definition
| b. Links changes in cities to the development of a global economy |
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Term
| The British sections of dual cities tend to |
|
Definition
| grid pattern w/ railroads |
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Term
| A generation or two ago, more developed countries were correctly considered to be the locales of the world’s largest metropolitan areas, or |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| European nations sought to alter the Middle East by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Sassen believes that a city’s position in the global system of _______ determines whether or not it is a “global city” |
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Definition
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Term
| Colonization has impacted several areas. Which of the following is/are among these legacies? |
|
Definition
| economic, national boundaries, political |
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Term
| According to Friedmann, a profound ________ tends to exist within cities |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
a. Is the least urbanized continent
b. All of the above
c. Is a continent in crisis
d. Has the highest rate of increase in urbanization |
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Term
| A term that refers to the conformity to opinions that supposedly reflect group consensus is…. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on historical and comparative evidence, ___ argued that the city has been at the crux of Western civilization from its beginning. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Friedrich Engels used the words: “… it is a city in which one can roam for hours without leaving the built-up area without seeing the slightest sign of the approach of open country” to describe which city? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Modern Beijing is a city that displays |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Macionis and Parillo use a small town in upstate New York as an example of subtle urban dominance. The pseudonym used for this community is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Much of the city’s population initially came from the |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Large scale industrialism began in England around |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monti asserts that the many different types of people in the urban space have found an appropriate form of public behavior that enables them to get along with each other. This is referred to as … |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Free citizens participation in government |
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Term
| The Most Important change for the urbanite during the Industrial Revolution was |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Stanley Milgram argued that all of the following things have an impact on how people draw their mental maps of a city EXCEPT |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| There are many stereotypes associated with suburban life. Which of the following is NOT one? |
|
Definition
| majority of people in the US live outside the city |
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Term
| Identifying with a city by... |
|
Definition
a. Festivals
b. Negative historical events
c. Sports teams |
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Term
| All of the following is characteristic of pedestrian traffic in the US Except … |
|
Definition
| people walk blindly into traffic |
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Term
| Many of the urban poor attempt to deal with the harsh realities of life through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Gerald Suttles, the images that people have about cities are |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| We respond to the _____ of the city in order to make sense of it |
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Definition
b. Gemeinshaft characteristics
c. Gesellschaft characteristics
d. Physical form |
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Term
| In addition to coping with the city’s vast population, urbanites must learn to deal with anonymity, in what Lyn Lofland calls “______.” |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
a. Distinguishing between physical locations in the city
c. Organizing the physical locations in a meaningful way |
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Term
| 5 common elements in urban images are... |
|
Definition
| a. Districts, Edges, Landmarks, Nodes, and Paths |
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Term
| In the Industrial era, city planning was primarily driven by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Too low density
b. Too small
c. Inflexible |
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Term
| Which of the following does Heckscher emphasize as being important to urban life? |
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Definition
| Artwork, squares, architecture |
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Term
| Racial and social class integration has been most successfully achieved in the US new town |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is not true about city planning |
|
Definition
| Planners should be allowed to control all aspects of how cities are built |
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Term
| Early planning efforts were aimed at achieving all of the following except |
|
Definition
| to conserve natural resources |
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Term
| In this country, government planning of new towns is largely nonexistent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toronto, Ontario is well known for |
|
Definition
b. It’s official plan for the new millennium
c. Modern and postmodern planning phases
d. Efficient metropolitan planning |
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|
Term
| 10. The Utopian Visionaries described everything but |
|
Definition
| High-population densities |
|
|
Term
| The housing problem is marked by |
|
Definition
a. An insufficient number of low-rent housing units.
c. Changes in the housing market
d. An increase in the proportion of high-rent housing units |
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Term
|
Definition
| b. Refers to the movement of more affluent North Americans back into older decaying areas of the city |
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Term
|
Definition
| Provides rent subsidies to low-income tenants |
|
|
Term
| city buildings deteriorate because |
|
Definition
| Their maintenance represents more costs than rental income warrants |
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|
Term
| New Urbanism was critiqued for |
|
Definition
| The fact that it reduces the number of low-income housing units |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most concentrated in poor neighborhoods |
|
|
Term
| Government intervention in housing began |
|
Definition
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