Term
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Definition
| Mental Disorder characterized by a pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to experience pleasure or interest in formerly pleasurable or satisfying activities. |
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Term
| Major Depressive Disorder (Unipolar Depression) |
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Definition
| Mental Disorder characterized by having 5 or more depressive symptoms that last without remission for at least two weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of major depressive disorder that is characterized by a loss of pleasure in most or all activities, psychomotor retardation, weight loss, guilt, and insomnia. |
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Term
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Definition
| A less severe, but long-lasting depression that lasts for at least two years. |
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Term
| Minor Depressive Disorder |
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Definition
| Mental Disorder characterized by having 2 or more depressive symptoms for at least two weeks. |
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Term
| Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood |
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Definition
| A mood disturbance appearing as a psychological response to an identifiable event or stressor or where resulting emotional or behavioral symptoms are significant but do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rare and severe form of major depression involving disturbances of motor behavior and other symptoms. The patient is mute, immobile or exhibits purposeless or even bizarre movements. |
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Term
| Season Affective Disorder (SAD) |
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Definition
| A depressive disorder where depressive episodes come on in autumn or winter and resolve in spring. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of depression with mood reactivity and positivity, significant weight gain or increased appetite, hypersomnia, a sensation of heaviness in the limbs, and a significant social impairment from hypersensitivity to perceived interpersonal rejection. |
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Term
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Definition
| An intense, sustained and sometimes disabling depression experienced by women within three months after giving birth that can last as long as three months. |
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Term
| Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |
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Definition
| Severe, debilitating PMS with abnormal response to normal hormonal levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| A model of depression that states that depressed patients hold pessimistic views of themselves, the world, and the future with recurrent patterns of depressive thinking, resulting in disordered information processing(Led to cognitive behavioral Therapy) |
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Term
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
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Definition
| An empirically tested and widely used therapy for treating depression, in which patients typically meet in groups and are taught to alter their recurrent patterns of depressive thinking so that they can restore normal information processing. |
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Term
| Learned Hopelessness Theory |
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Definition
| A model of depression that states that the patient loses hope that life will get better, possibly based on early life experiences, and they believe that negative experiences are due to stable, global reasons. |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory that psychological side effects of medications that affect the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. |
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Term
| Specific monoamine Hypothesis |
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Definition
| The Theory that depression results from pre-synaptic and/or post-synaptic changes in noradrenergic (norepinephrine) and/or serotonergic (5-HT) pathways. |
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Term
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors |
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Definition
| Antidepressant medication that results in a general increase in monoamines, but carries dietary risks |
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Term
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Definition
| Antidepressant medication used to treat depression named for its three-ring chemical structure. |
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Term
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) |
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Definition
| Antidepressant drug that acts by blocking the reuptake of serotonin so that more serotonin is available to act on receptors in the brain. |
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Term
| Noradrenergic Serotonergic Reuptake Inhibitors (NSRI) |
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Definition
| Antidepressant drug that acts similarly to SSRIs |
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Term
| Electro-convulsive Shock Therapy |
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Definition
| Electric Shock Therapy done by inducing an electrical current in the brain, but cannot reach very deep. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Therapy used to treat severe depression where electrodes are implanted into the basal ganglia, as in parkinson's disease, and periodically shock them |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychological state characterized by irritability, anger or rage, delusions, grandiose ideas and plans, hypersensitivity, hypersexuality, hyper-religiousity, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, racing thoughts, pressured speech (pressure to keep talking, rapid speech), and a decreased need for sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| Episodes of severe depression alternate with mania |
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Term
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Definition
| Episodes of severe depression alternate with hypomania |
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Term
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Definition
| Dysthymia alternates with hypomania |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder characterized by combined manic and depressive symptoms, including agitation, impulsiveness, anxiety, restlessness, aggressiveness, irritability, rage, confusion, fatigue, insomnia, morbid and/or suicidal ideation, panic, paranoia, persecutory delusions, pressured speech, and racing thoughts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The element lithium is used to treat bipolar disorder. It acts as a mood stabilizer, but must be carefully managed because it is toxic. |
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