Term
| Epinephrine - what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
| Direct sympathomimetic. Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2 |
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Term
| Norepinephrine - what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
| Direct sympathomimetic. Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1 |
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Term
| Dopamine - what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
| Direct sympathomimetic. Alpha 1, Beta 1, Beta 2, D1 receptor effects |
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Term
| Phenylephrine what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clonidine - what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phentolamine - what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prazosin - what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Isoproterenol - what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
| Nonselective Beta 1 and Beta 2 agonist. |
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Term
| Albuterol what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Metoprolol - what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Propranolol - what receptors does it affect? |
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Definition
| Nonselective beta 1 and 2 blocker |
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Term
| What is first line drug therapy in CHF? Name examples. |
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Definition
ACE inhibitors - Enalapril, Captopril, Lisinopril
Beta blockers - the 'lol"s |
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Term
| Name the class 1B antiarrhythmics? |
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Definition
I'd Buy Lidy's Phen-phen laced mexican tacos.
Lidocaine, Phenytoin, Mexilitine |
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Term
| Describe the effect of 1a vs 1b vs 1c antiarrhythmics on AP duration. |
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Definition
1B's dissociate FAST from Na channel, leading to a SHORTER AP duration. It doesn't affect K. Much stronger block in depolarized or sick cells.
Ia dissociates moderately from Na channel, but it blocks K. This INCREASES AP duration.
1c has no effect on AP. It blocks Na channel longest. |
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Term
| Which Na channel blocker do you give for Ventricular Arrhythmia, especially post MI or digitalis toxicity? |
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Definition
| 1B for Ventricular arrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antimuscarinic. Cholinergic antagonist. The parent of ipratroprium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stabilizes mast cells. Decreases release of medicators (leukotrienes, histamine). Prophylaxis for bronchial asthma. |
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Term
| Do you use inhaled epinephrine for COPD? |
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Definition
| No. No primatine mist for COPD |
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Term
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Definition
Non-selective beta agonist. Increases cAMP for increased b1 HR and contractility. Increased cAMP for B2 smooth muscle relaxation. CAMP blocks myosin light chain kinase for decreased PVR. The net effect is increased CO with increase in O2 demand, dilation of coronary arteries and bronchodilation.
Emergency use for bradycardia and heart block. |
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Term
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Definition
| Quaternary amine muscarinic antagonist. Inhaled agent, so affects mainly M3 receptors. Decreased bronchoconstriction and decreased secretions. Asthma and COPD. |
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Term
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Definition
| Methylxanthine. Blocks phosphodiesterase. Adenosine antagonist. So it speeds up heart because adenosine increases K out to hyperpolarize cell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Class 1a antiarrhythmics |
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Definition
The Queen Proclaims Diso's Pyramid.
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide. Increases AP duration. Affects atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. |
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Term
| Name the anticholinergic (steroids) |
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Definition
| Atropine, Ipratriprium, tiotroprium. |
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Term
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Definition
| ARB, along with Losartan and Candarsatan |
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Term
| How does ATII cause Vasoconstriction |
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Definition
| ATII binds AT receptor causing signaling cascade that includes Phospholipase 3 and influx of Ca. |
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Term
What do these drugs have in common?
DHP CCB
AT II Antagonist
ACE inhibitor
Nitrates
Alpha 1 blockers |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two ways you can affect SV? |
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Definition
| Affect venous return and Cardiac contractility. BB and non-DHP both reduce Contractility to reduce venous return and therefore reduce O2 demand. |
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Term
| How do BBs lower BP if they serve to constrict smooth muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is first line therapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome? And what is the MOA? |
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Definition
| Asprin is first line in Acute Coronary Syndrome. It irreversibly acetylates a serine residue on COX-1 to block TXA production. TXA would normally activate platelets. |
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Term
| Eptifibatide - what does it do |
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Definition
| binds GP IIb/IIIa and has short plasma half-life with rapid onset of antiplatelet action and rapid reversibility of action when treatment is stopped. |
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Term
| Why do you use nitrates with beta blockers in angina therapy? |
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Definition
Beta blockers prevent reflex tachycardia from nitrate-induced hypotension. Nitrates prevent increased in left ventricular filling pressure or preload from negative contractility of BB.
Both reduce myocardial O2 demand. Both increase subendocardial flow. |
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Term
| What is the agent of choice for VT or V-fib in ER? |
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Definition
| Amiodarone. It will cause hypertension so patient must be normotensive. |
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Term
| When someone is pulseless what drug do you give in ER? |
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Definition
| Epi or Vasopressin and atropine which is a muscarinic antagonist. |
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Term
| What is the MOA of adenosine in bolus dose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does adenosine have on the heart? |
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Definition
| It slows it down and in bolus dose, stops it. |
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Term
| Profenone and Flecainide - which drug class? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Dofetilide is a K blocker along with amiodarone, sotalol and ibutilide. BIASD. Use for V arrhythmias, especially with low EF. Useful for AF. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Of the class I antiarrhythmics, supraventricular arrhythmias arising from AV nodal reentry are most likely to be treated by A. Class 1A
B. Class 1B
C. Class 1C Na+ channel blockers
D. None of the class 1 drugs
E. Any of the class 1 drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| The effect of phenylephrine is: |
|
Definition
| vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle via alpha-1 adrenergic receptors |
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Term
A drug designed to target “funny current” would:
A. Affect slow response smooth muscle cells
B. Only target fast response cells with large K+ currents
C. Affect slow response cardiac cells with Ca2+ mediated action potential upstrokes
E. B and C
F. C and A |
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Definition
| Affect slow response aka SA node cardiac cells with Ca2+ mediated action potential upstrokes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Opposite of Prazosin, the alpha 1 agonist. |
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Term
| ALL anti-hypertensives work by: |
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Definition
| Reducing cardiac output or total peripheral resistance |
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Term
| What are the different drugs that can be given for asthma or COPD? |
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Definition
Bronchodilator, corticosteroid, antibiotic. In the pharm book, it says there's a synergistic effect from a beta Agonist and corticosteroid at one time.
In asthma, beta agonist, leukotrienes, antichoinergics, corticosteroids, antiIGE, theophylline. |
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Term
| Which leads tell you about Atrial Enlargement? |
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Definition
Lead V1 - look for a terminal negative deflection at least 1 box deep.
Lead II - look for widened P wave at least 3 boxes. |
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Term
| If you see downward deflections in V1 and V2 with no upward deflections, what do you call it? |
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Definition
| Q waves. Evidence of old MI |
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Term
|
Definition
| Asymmetrical inverted T wave and Notching of R waves in I, AVL, V5, V6 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When do you give beta blockers in acute CHF? |
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Definition
| You DO NOT USE beta blockers in acute CHF because they are compensated. You wait until the pulmonary edema has resolved and then give Beta Blocker to decrease preload and improve function of heart. |
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Term
| Would you give an ionotrope (beta agonist such as isoproterenol) to a pt with diastolic dysfunction? |
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Definition
| No. They dont have a systolic problem. They can contract fine. THey have a filling problem. |
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Term
| Bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol. Use? |
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Definition
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Term
| CHF w systolic dysfunction - what drug class? |
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Definition
| Ionotrope. Dobutamine, dopamine, Digoxin, milrinone (phosphodiesterase inhibitor increases camp) |
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Term
| Do you give Calcium Channel Blockers to CHF patients WiTH SYSTOLIC Dysfunction? |
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Definition
| NO WAY JACKASS. They die. Exception is amlodipine. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the different drugs for systolic vs diastolic CHF? |
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Definition
| In systolic dysfunction, you DONT GIVE CCBs. In diastolic dysfunction, you give CCBS. |
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Term
| Acute coronary syndrome: which drugs do you give to increase survival? |
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Definition
| clopidogrel, ace inhibitors, aspirin, beta blocker. Plus reperfusion. |
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