Term
| What is Physiologic Pain? |
|
Definition
| Pain we typically think of. Warning pain. Trauma pain. |
|
|
Term
| What is inflammatory Pain? |
|
Definition
Occurs when tissue is injured.
You may not see inflamed tissue, but you can feel it. |
|
|
Term
| What is Neuropathic Pain? |
|
Definition
Usually occurs from nerve damage associated with Dz or trauma. Presents after the Dz presence or cure.
Burning, tingling, loss of sensation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Will occur with no stimuli or insult to the nervous system. Considerable pain.
Tension HA or fibromyalgia. |
|
|
Term
| What are the Psychological Aspects of Chronic Pain? |
|
Definition
| Depression is most commonly associated with chronic pain. Sometime dual meds for depression/pain can be given. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary sensory neurons.
Respond to thermal, mechanical and chemical pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naturally occurring analgesics that suppress the pain response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACTION: Interact with pain receptors in the CNS, nerve terminals in the periphery, respiratory and GI centers
CLINICAL USE: Acute and Chronic pain; Cough suppression |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE of Opioids? |
|
Definition
| N/V, euphoria and confusion, sedation, constipation, miosis, **respiratory depression, cough reflex suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Naturally occurring Opioid
-GI absorption slow and erratic.
-PCAs common
-Rapidly enters all body tissues
-SE: Tolerance and physical dependence; withdrawal symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Naturally occurring Opioid
-Well absorbed orally
-Converted to morphine in the circulation
-CLINICAL USE: excellent cough suppression; Tylenol + Codeine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Semi-synthetic Opioid
-Short acting agent
-Combine with Tylenol = Lortab
-CLINICAL USE: acute pain post-op--10-15 days; used in combo with oxycodone for "breakthrough pain" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Semi-synthetic Opioid
-Short and Long acting preparations
-Combo with Tylenol = Percocet; WARNING: don't give to pt w/ liver Dz because of acetaminophen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Synthetic Opioid
-Well absorbed orally
-CLINICAL USE: Equally as potent as morphine but with less euphoria; **useful for drug addiction Tx
-SE: can increase QT interval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Synthetic Opioid
-100 X more potent than morphine
-IV form: rapid with short duration; transdermal formulation: 72 hrs (takes 24 hrs to kick in, need to cover with another agent)
-CLINICAL USE: good for pt who cannot swallow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Synthetic Opioid
-Well absorbed in GI; short acting
-Converted to normeperidine in the liver
-CLINICAL USE: acute pain; rigors associated with infusion rxn of AmphoB
-SE: dilates pupils; lowers the seizure threshold following large or repetitive doses |
|
|
Term
| What are ASA, Ibuprofen, Naproxan, Indomethacin, Diclofenac, Keterolac and Meloxicam? |
|
Definition
-NSAIDs: COX1 and COX 2 Inhibitors
-Inhibit the action of cyclooxygenase enzymes
-Decrease prostaglandin production and decrease inflammation
-CLINICAL USE: Anti-inflammation; Analgesia; Antipyrexia
-SE: N/V (take with food to help); GI bleeding; Kidney injury (can induce acute renal failure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-NSAIDs: COX-2 (selective) Inhibitors
-SE: Cardiac abnormalities
-->Only one still on the market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Reduces central prostaglandin synthesis
-Conjugated in the liver to inactive metabolites
-CLINICAL USES: Analgesia; Antipyrexia
-DOSAGES: -MAX DAILY: 4000 mg (divided) over 24hrs
->4000 causes liver problems
-MAX FOR RENAL PTs: 2000 mg (divided) over 24
SE: normally well tolerated; Hepatic necrosis/failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Centrally acting; Binds to mu-opioid receptors
-Weakly inhibits NE and 5HT reuptake
-DOSING: 2X/Day max for renal/hepatic Dz pts; NOT CONTROLLED; Can get a 12 month Rx
-CLINICAL USE: Acute and Chronic Pain
-SE: Lower seizure threshold; Serotonin syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Tricyclic Antidepressant
-Block Na+ channels; Increase anti-nociceptive norandrenergic and serotonergic activity (centrally)
-CLINICAL USE: Neuropathic pain
-SE: Hypotension; Arrhythmias (main cause of death from O/D); Sedation; Anticholinergic effects (N/V, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Serotonin Receptor Agonist
-Inhibits NE and 5HT reuptake transporters
-CLINICAL USE: Neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia pain; Great for pt with pain AND depression
-SE: HTN; GI distress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-True mechanism is unknown
-Inhibition of high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca++ channels
-Inhibits excitatory NT release
-CLINICAL USE: Neuropathic pain (commonly from diabetic neuropathy); fibromyalgia
-SE: Mild CNS effects; Wide range of dosing, well tolerated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Inhibits excitatory NT release
-CLINICAL USE: Neuropathic pain (commonly from diabetic neuropathy); fibromyalgia
-SE: drowsiness; wt gain; blurred vision; peripheral edema |
|
|
