Term
| Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) |
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Definition
-ACh esterase inhibitor
-chronic management of myasthenia gravis
-have to take frequently (4xday)
-improves mm contractions |
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Term
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Definition
-ACh esterase inhibitor
-used specifically for Tx of Alzheimer's
-Oral |
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Term
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Definition
-ACh esterase inhibitor
-Transdermal
-used for Tx of Alzheimer's |
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Term
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Definition
-ACh esterase Inhibitor
-oral
-used to Tx Alzheimer's |
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Term
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Definition
-ACh esterase inhibitor
-used to Tx Alzheimer's |
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Term
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Definition
-Nicotinic agonist
-produces short lasting mm paralysis
-works in minutes
-IV administration
-used for rapid endotracheal intubation |
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Term
| Pancuronium, Vecuronium, Rocuronium |
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Definition
Nicotinic Antagonists
-use w/Anesthesia to relax skeletal mm
-Pt can still hear and feel what is going on
-Pancuronium= long lasting, req. renal stuff
-Vecuronium/Rocuronium = intermediate lasting |
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Term
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Definition
-Muscarinic (cholinergic) Antagonist
-binds competitively to receptor
-induces pupil dilation
-antisecretory of upper/lower GI
-GI/GU antispasmodic |
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Term
Ipatropium (Atrovent)
Tiotropim (Spiriva) |
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Definition
-Muscarinic antagonist
- used in COPD pts
-Derivative of Atropine |
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Term
| Scopolamine (Transderm Scop) |
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Definition
-muscarinic antagonist
-peripheral effects similar to atropine
-greater action on CNS
-transdermal delivery
-used for anti-motion sickness
-minimize secretions |
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Term
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Definition
-muscarinic Agonist
-increases intestinal motility and tone
-stim detrusor muscle of bladder
-used in postpartum or postop non obstructive urinary retention |
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Term
| Methacholine (Provocholine) |
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Definition
-muscarinic agonist
-used in Dx of asthma
-inhaled; causes constriction in lungs |
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Term
| Carbacholine or Carbochol |
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Definition
-muscarinic agonist
-Topical miotic agent for glaucoma
-eye drop
-causes pupillary constriction
-decreases intraocular pressure |
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Term
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Definition
-muscarinic agonist
-used for treatment of xerostomia in Sjogren's syndrome |
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Term
| Pilocarpin (Ocusert Pilo) |
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Definition
-muscarinic agonist
-used in ophthalmology
-causes rapid miosis and contraction of ciliary mm
-opens meshwork around Schlemm's canal causing drop in intraocular press
-used for emergency lowering of intraocular press. |
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Term
Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Tolterodine (Detrol)
Darifenacin (Enabliex)
Solifenacin (Vesicare) |
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Definition
-muscarinic Antagonist
-urinary incontinence and overactive bladder
-promotes detrusor relaxation
-bladder sphincter tightening |
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Term
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Definition
-chemical compound derived from aino acid tyrosine and acts as hormone or chemical messengers
-Help maintain rate/force of cardiac contraction
-restriction/dilation of bronchioles
-release of insulin
-breakdown fat
EX: Norepinephrine, epi, dopamine |
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Term
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Definition
-found in heart
-Stimulated: increased HR and contractile force (chronotropy & inotropy), increase cardiac O2 consumption
-Inhibited: decrease HR & contractile force |
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Term
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Definition
-lungs, small intestines
Stimulated: cause relaxation of smooth mm (bronchodilators), increase BF to skeletal mm, peripheral vasodilation |
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Term
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Definition
| -contraction of vasc smooth mm, increase heart excitability, relaxation of intestinal smooth mm |
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Term
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Definition
| -decrease insulin secretion, platelet aggregation, decrease norepi release, vasoconstriciton |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Catecholamine
-at LOW concentrations = B1 and B2 dominates (increase heart stuff, BF, bronchodilation)
-at HIGH concentrations = A1 dominates
(vasoconstriction)
-used for Anaphylactic shock
-->B2 effect= bronchodilator |
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Term
| Norepinephrine (Levophed) |
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Definition
-Catacholamine
-Vasoconstrictor to increase BP/vasc resistance, decrease renal BF, inc O2 consumption
-Causes bradycardia
-Treatment for shock but given with another agent to keep HR up
-A1=A2>B1>>B2 |
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Term
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Definition
-Catacholamine
-effects D1/D2, and A&B1 receptors
-LOW doses (0.5-2.0)= D1; inc renal/mesenteric BF
-MID Doses (2-10)= B1; inc contractility/ CO
-HIGH Doses (10-20)=A&B1; predominant A effect, vasoconstr |
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Term
Guanathidine
Amphetamine
Pseudophedrin
Ritalin |
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Definition
-Catecholamine Storage Inhibitors
-Acutely increase symp stim
-In the long run decrease symp stim
-cause excess release of catecholamines and depletes storage |
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Term
| Tricyclic antidepressants |
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Definition
-inhibit net mediated reuptake of norepi, allowing accum in synaptic cleft
-inhibits seratonin
-Amitriptyline (Elavil), Nortiptyline (Pamelor), Imipramine (Tofranil) |
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Term
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI's) |
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Definition
-prevent secondary deamination following reuptake, more catecholamine accum for release
-Inhibit breakdown of dopamine, norepi, seratonin
-Phenelzine (Nardil), Tranylcypromine (Parnate)-->both used for Depressin
-Selegiline -->used for Parkinson Disease |
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Term
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Definition
-A2 agonist
-produce inhibition of symp vasomotor centers
-decrease peripheral resistance, renal BF resist., HR, and BP
-used to treat HTN and Benzo withdrawal s/s
-Side effects: dry mouth, sedation, rebound HTN |
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Term
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Definition
-A1 agonist
-induces vasocontriction
-increase systol/diastol BP
-allergy eye drops, nasal mucous membranes (Afrin)
-Side Effect: reflex Bradycardia |
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Term
Prazosin (Minipres)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Doxazosin (Cardura) |
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Definition
-A1 ANTAGonist
-block A1 receptors
-used to decrease HR and contraction
dilate smooth mm in GU
-->decreases peripheral resistance
-Treat high BP and BPH
-Side Effects: dizziness, orthostaitic hypotension |
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Term
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Alfuzosin (Uroxatral) |
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Definition
-A antagonists
-block A1a receptor (specific to prostate)
-Used for BPH, decreased incidence of orthostatic Hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
-A Antagonist
-nonselective A receptor blocker
-preop management of Pheochromocytoma |
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Term
Albuterol (Proventil/Ventolin)
Formoterol (Foradil)
Salmeterol (Serevent) |
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Definition
-B agonists
-selective to B2 (min B2 activity)
-relaxes airways
Used for asthma and COPD
-Side effects: palpitations, tachy
-Albuterol = short active
-Formoterol = long term |
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Term
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Definition
-B1 selective agonist
-prominent ionotropic effects
-IV administration
-Used for acute CF management
-Side effects: increasing AV conduction |
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Term
Propranolol (Inderal)
Nadolol (Corgard)
Timolol (Timoptic) |
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Definition
-NONSELEVTIVE Beta Blockers
-decreased CO/HR (B1), brochoconstrictive (B2), peripheral vasoconstr
-Used for HTN, angina, portal HTN, glaucoma |
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Term
Labetalol (Trandate)
Carvedilol (Coreg) |
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Definition
-NONSELECTIVE Beta Blockers with A1 activity
-vasodilation (A1)
-prevents HR increase (B1)
-Bronchoconstriction (B2)
-Used for HTN, CHF, Acute MI |
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Term
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Esmolol (Brevibloc) |
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Definition
-SELECTIVE B1 Beta Blockers
-cardioselective: only works on heart
-prevents increase in HR (B1)
-Used for HTN, angina, CHF, Acute MI |
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Term
| Ester-linked Local Anesthetics |
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Definition
-metabolized by tissue and plasma esterase
-excreted via kidneys |
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Term
| Amide-linked Local Anesthetics |
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Definition
-metabolized by liver P450 enzymes
-slowed in cirrhosis or other liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
-Ester linked
-short acting, low hydrophobicity
-degraded rapidly by pseudocholinesterases
-excreted in urine
-used for infiltration anesth or dental procedures |
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Term
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Definition
-ester linked
-long acting, highly potent, high hydrophobicity
-metabolized slowly due to gradual release from tissues into bloodstream
--used for spinal and topic anesth. |
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Term
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Definition
-Amide linked
-medium duration, moderate hydrophobicity, moderately potent
-metabolized in liver by P450
-CNS/Cardiac toxicities: drowsiness, seizures, CNS depression
-coadministered w/Epi extends duration
-Used for infiltration, periph nerve block, epidural, spinal, topical anesth |
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Term
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Definition
-Amide linked
-similar to lidocaine
-vasoconstricitive + local anesthetic activity |
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Term
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Definition
-Amide linked
-long duration, high hydrophibicity, highly potent
-must be diluted due to cardiotoxicities
-greater effect on nociception thatn locomotor
-metab by liver and P450
-used for infiltraion, spinal/periph/epidural nerve blocks |
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Term
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Definition
amide linked
-related to bupivacaine
-less cardiotoxicities |
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Term
| Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesth. (EMLA) |
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Definition
-amide linked
-combo of lidocaine and prilocaine
-higher conc. per drop contacting skin
-used for dental procedures, children with fear of injection, lumbar puncture |
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Term
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Definition
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