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| The way something is put together. |
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| The role that something has- The job something does. |
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| An individual living thing. |
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| The basic unit of all living things |
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| The exposed space that an object has. |
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| The amount of space something takes up. |
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| A small opening in a surface through which materials can pass. |
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Organism consisting of one or more cells in which the nucleus is enclosed by a membrane.
A Eukaryotic Cell can either be a plant cell or an animal cell. |
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One celled organism that doesn’t have a membrane enclosed nucleus
bacteria are prokaryotic |
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| A specialized structure that performs a specific function in Eukaryotic Cells |
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| Three parts of the Cell Theory |
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There are three parts to the Cell Theory:
1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life- All living things are made of cells.
3. Cells come from pre-existing cells. |
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| Main Difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes |
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Eukaryotes- Cell functions occur within special membrane inclosed organelles.
Prokaryotes- Cell functions occur in the cytoplasm. There are no membrane enclosed organelles. |
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| Similarities Between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes |
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There are 5 cell structures that can be found in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:
1. cell membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. cytoskeleton
4. ribosome’s
5. DNA |
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| Boundary between the inside of the cell and outside of the cell and it controls what goes in and what comes out of the cell. |
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| Rigid structure providing protection and support for the cell |
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| Jelly Like substance filling intracellular space contains dissolved substances. |
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| Rods that help organize microtubules during mitosis |
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| Membrane bound structure that contains DNA. It is the control center of the cell. |
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| Small structure within nucleus. Site of production of RNA. |
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| Boundary between nucleus and cytoplasm. Regulates passage of material between the cytoplasm and the Nucleus. |
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| Membrane bound organelle which breaks down sugar for energy. The powerhouse of the cell. Cell Respiration happens here. |
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| Membrane bound organelle which converts light energy to chemical energy. Photosynthesis happens here. |
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| Membrane bound area filled with water and nutrients that help maintain homeostasis in the cell. |
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| Small Organelles that protein are made in. Maybe free floating in a cell or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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| Network of flattened membranes forming tunnels in the cell. In charge of creating lipids and the final processing of proteins |
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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| Network of flattened membranes forming tunnels in the cell. Ribosomes are embedded on the membrane and protein is made and exported to the Golgi Apparatus. |
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| Stack of membranes where proteins are modified and stored prior to exocytosis. The Post Office of the cell. |
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| Membrane bound structure containing enzymes which break down toxic or unwanted molecules. The garbage disposal of the cell. |
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| Sacs that carry materials within a cell or to another cell. The Golgi Apparatus or the Smooth ER are the organelles that create vesicles and sends them where they need to go. |
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| The membrane is made up of two layers of phospholipids with their heads facing out and their tails facing each other. |
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| Specific about what is allowed to pass through a membrane |
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| The movement from greater concentration to lesser concentration |
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| The movement of water across a membrane to a region of low solute concentration to high solvent concentration |
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| 1) Solute- The substance that is dissolved into a liquid to make a solution (ex. Sugar) |
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| 2) Solvent- The liquid that a substance is dissolved in to make a solution(Ex. Water) |
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| The solution with a greater amount of Solute than normal cells of the body |
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| The solution with a smaller amount of Solute than normal cells of the body |
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| A solution with the same salt concentration as normal cells of the body |
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| These are globular proteins that either go across the membrane or sit on the surface |
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| A transport process of molecules that does NOT require energy |
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| Diffusion of a molecule without using energy or any help from another molecule |
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| Diffusion of a molecule with the assistance of another molecule or protein but without using energy |
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| A transfer of molecules across a membrane. It requires energy (Like ATP) and the aid of proteins. Usually it moves molecules against the concentration gradient (From low to high). |
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| A process of transport in which a cell takes in a substance by using its membrane to swallow the substance and then pinches off around it to form a vesicle inside the cell. |
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| A process of transport in which a vesicle inside a cell fuses (or attaches) to the cell membrane so it can release its contents outside the cell. |
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| A specialized structure that carries out a specific function in living organisms. |
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| A group of specialized cells of the same type, which work together to perform a specific function for the organism |
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| The process of a cell becoming specialized |
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| A process of a cell adapting to a specific function |
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| The process by which an egg cell and sperm cell join together |
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| The process of cell division. |
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| A fertilized egg that has begun cell division. |
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| A group of about 100 cells, of two types, (Totipotent and Pluripotent) that form from a fertilized egg. Each of these cells can develop into almost any type of cell. |
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| The chemical blueprint for all living things. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid, it is a double-stranded molecule that carries genetic information and determines the physical characteristics between generations |
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| Any unspecialized cell in a multicellular organism, except a sperm or egg cell that can divide and become any cell type in the body. |
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| Able to differentiate into any type of cell of the human body or the placenta. Ex. Fertilized egg cells |
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| From totipotent cells, able to differentiate into any type of cell in the human body but not any in the placenta. Ex. Blastocyst Cells |
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| Able to differentiate only into a closely related cell Ex. Blood Stem Cell |
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| A stem cell can only produce its own type of cell Ex. Skin stem cells |
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| Explain unicellular specialization |
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| In single celled organisms, specialization occurs on the organelle level. Certain organelles are present in larger numbers in unicellular organisms that need them more. Likewise these same organelles maybe absent in other cells that do not need its help. Ex. Presence of flagella if the organism needs to be able to move. |
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| Explain multicellular specialization |
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| In many celled organisms, specialization occurs at the cellular level. A group of cells get together to perform a specific function for the organism. Ex. Cells in leafs of plants have more chloroplasts than cells in the root of the plant. |
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