Term
| Ever since the _____ ended in the 1820s, then, the United States has had a two-party system in national party competition. |
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Definition
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Term
| A nickname the Republican Party developed in the late 1800s. |
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Definition
| The GOP (Grand Old Party) |
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Term
| The approach used most often to measure interparty competition at the state level is an index originated by ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The Ranney index averages three indicators of party success during a particular time period. What are they? |
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Definition
1. The percentage of the popular vote for the parties' gubernatorial candidates
2. The percentage of seats held by the parties in each house of the legislature
3. The length of time plus the percentage of the time that the parties held both the governorship and a majority in the state legislature. |
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Term
| The Ranney is based wholly on _____ elections. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is party polorization? |
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Definition
| It is the gap or split between parties. |
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Term
| What are some reasons for Declining Competitiveness? |
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Definition
1. Personal Incumbency advantage
2. Redistricting
3. Voluntary political segregation (People moving to districts that have the same political agentda)
4. The declining ability of challengers to raise campaign money. |
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Term
| This argues that single-member districts with plurality elections tend to produce two-party systems. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ means simply that one candidate is elected to each office. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ is one in which the candidate with the largest number of votes, even if not a majority, wins. |
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Definition
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Term
| A single member district system with plurality election; it offers the reward of winning an office only to the one candidate who gets the most votes. |
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Definition
| The American Election System |
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Term
| A system with ______ is one in which a particular legislative district will be represented by, say, three or four elected legislators. |
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Definition
| Multimember Constituencies |
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Term
| In ____, each party prepares a slate of candidates for these positions, and the number of party candidates who win is proportional to the overall percentage of the vote won by the party slate. |
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Definition
| Proportional Representation |
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Term
| The ____ is the most visible single-member district in the United States. It is the main prize of American politics, and only one person is elected to that office at a time. |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes a Two-Party System? |
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Definition
1. Institutional Forces
2. Dualist Theories
3. Social Consensus Theories
4. Party Self-Protection (The Best Defense is a good Offense) |
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Term
| One of the crowning achievements of the Progressive movement was to restrict the role of parties by _____ party labels from many ballots, mostly in local elections. |
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Definition
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Term
| Political scientists have found that a move to nonpartisan elections shifts the balance of power in a _____ direction rather than making politics any less partisan or more unbiased. |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-partisan elections can _____ the policy links between voters and their legislators----a result that would have greatly disappointed the Progressives. |
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Definition
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Term
| We can find "safe" _________ congressional districts in , poor, or black neighborhoods of large cities. |
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Definition
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Term
| We can find "safe" _____ districts in the wealthier suburbs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Minor parties, often called ____, have a long history in American politics, but they rarely win elections. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________, in 1912, were the only minor-party candidacy ever to run ahead of one of the major-party candidates in either electorial or popular votes. |
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Definition
| Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressives |
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Term
| The recent high point of third-party strength was _____ run as the Reform Party candidate for president in 1996. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most minor parties are driven by _____, but they differ in the nature and scope of that commitment |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ Party wants government to involve itself only in national defense and criminal law and to turn over all other programs, from Social Security to education, to private efforts. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ Parties argue for extensive government programs on behalf of the environment, peace, and social justice. |
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Definition
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Term
| Minor parties differ too, in their _____. Some were literally imported into the United States. |
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Definition
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Term
| An anti-civil-rights faction within the Democratic Party. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ Party has run candidates in most presidential elections since 1872 with unflagging devotion to the cause of banning the sale of alcoholic beverages but without apparent concern for the fact that its highest proportion of the popular vote was 2 percent, and that came in 1892. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some argue that minor parties deserve the credit for a number of _______ that were first suggested by a minor party and then adopted by a major party when they became politically attractive. An example is the minimum wage. |
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Definition
| public policies----programs |
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Term
| ______ Parties tend to gain support when they promote attractive ideas that the major parties have ignored, or because of public dissatisfaction with the major party candidates, rather than because many voters believe in a multiparty system as a matter of principle. |
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Definition
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Term
| In recent elections, dissatisfaction with the two major parties has also produced several notable _____ ---those who run as individuals, independent of any party organization. |
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Definition
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Term
| Democratic activists filed lawsuits to try to keep Nader off state ballots, and _________ often supported Nader's efforts, because his candidacy was expected to hurt Democrat John Kerry more than Republican George W. Bush. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some important "respects" that the Two-Party system will continue? |
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Definition
1.The two-party stystem is secure in the United States and the Third Parties are not gaining ground
2.Ballot barriers and Finacial hurdles remain formidable for third-party candidates. |
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