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| an organized group of induviduals sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence policymaking in all three branches (legislative, executive, and judicial) of the government at all levels ) federal, state, and local. |
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| helps an interest group financially. |
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| The problem of being a free rider is helped by.... |
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| interest groups lobby for public policy, if the succeed, everyone can enjoy the outcome of their efforts without joining or contributing to the group. Incentives include the camaraderie of belonging to a group, or material incentives like a subscription or coffee mug. |
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| views politics as a contest among various interest groups. Because there are so many groups no one group can dominate the political process. |
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| formed for the purpose of working for the "public good" examples are American Civil Liberties Union and Common Cause. |
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| organizations are associations formed by members of a particular industry like oil or trucking that lobby for legislation or regulations that benefit their industry. |
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| interest groups like the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) lobby to improve working conditions and wages for their union members. They represent about 12% of the Labor force. |
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| includes: public interest groups, business, labor, agricultural, defense contractors, consumer, senior citizen, environmental, professional, single issue and government interest groups. |
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| military industrial complex |
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| Eisenhower warned the public against the potential disastrous rise of misplaced power by the unwarranted influence. A close relationship of the federal government, Military, and private defense contractors. |
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| lobbying technique are used by interest groups to directly contact government officials to further the group's goals. E.g. contact legislators, providing policy expertise, legal expertise and testify at Congressional Committee hearings and follow up. Interest groups also provide election support. |
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| Political Action committee |
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| established by a corporation, labor union or special interest group. Using PACs allows interest groups to make larger contributions than if the head of the corporation directly asked his workers for a contribution. |
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| any method used by the interest groups to influence government officials through third parties, such as voters. Public officials are often more impressed by contacts from voters than lobbyists. |
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| systems used by interest groups to rate the performance based on how often |
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| used by political parties and non-profit "527s" fall under free speech rules rather than campaign contributions to candidates. Unlimited "soft money" can be spent by these groups independent of political campaigns. |
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| constituents to contact government officials, holding demonstrations and filing court cases rather than the lobbyists directly contacting officials. |
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| used when the former government officials and/or thier staff become lobbyists then go right back to the government to lobby their former co-workers in government. There is one year cooling off period before government officials can return through the revolving door to the lobby. |
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| requires that they identify their employer, salary, and expenses to the Congressional Record. |
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