Term
|
Definition
| Individual rights and freedoms protected by the Constitution against the powers of the government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an order that required an official to bring a specified prisoner into court and explain to the judge why the person is being held in prison. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a legislative act that punishes a person or group without letting them have a trial to determine guilt or innocence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Punished induviduals for committing an act that was legal when the act was committed but has since become a crime. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the requirement that the government use fair, reasonable, and standard procedures whenever it takes any legal action against an individual, that government will not deprive a person of life, liberty, or property illegally or arbitrarily. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congress is prohibited from passing laws prohibiting this. Through prayers in public schools, teaching creation and aiding parochial schools. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congress is prohibited from passing laws limiting freedom of religion, often involving religious practices that conflict with laws. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| must be secular, neither advance or inhibit religion, and avoid excessive government entanglement with religion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an educational certificate from the government to a student to use public funds to pay for private or public school chosen by the student or his/her parents. Channels the funds through the student, not directly from the government to the private (religious) school to avoid establishing a religious school. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the expression of beliefs, opinions or ideas through forms other than speech or print. It involves nonverbal actions or expressions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spying on behalf of foreign power to obtain information about government plans or activities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a destructive act intended to hinder a nation's defense efforts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an act of war against the United States or remaining loyal to its enemies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| urges to resistance to the lawful authority or that advocates the overthrowing of a government. |
|
|
Term
| Restrictions of Commercial Speech |
|
Definition
| advertising products are valid if they seek to implement a substantial government interest directly advance that interest and go no father. Ex: liquor advertising. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a published falsehood that injures a person's reputation or character. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a spoken statement that holds a person up to a third person for contempt, ridicule, or hatred. Statements must be untrue, intended to harm and do harm. Public figures are less protected from libel and slander. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| speech so inflammatory that it will provoke the average listener to violence like praising 9-11 attacks a few days later to incite the crowd to violence. |
|
|
