Shared Flashcard Set

Details

U of A Pharm test 2
CH 42-48
28
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
03/06/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anti-Anginal Drugs
Definition
Used to treat angina pectoris caused by inadequate blood flow to the myocardium
Term
Types of Angina
Definition
Classic- occurs with stress Unstable- progressive severity unrelated to activity Variant- during rest
Term
Action of Anti-Anginal drugs
Definition
increase blood flow by either increasing oxygen supply or decreasing oxygen demand to the myocardium
Term
Nitrates
Definition
Nitro-glycerin- acts directly on the smooth muscle of the blood vessel causing relaxation and dilation

Isosorbide dinitrate- long term anginal prevention, lowers blood pressure, tolerance building.

isosorbide mononitrate- long term prevention, sustained release reduced tolerance
Term
Beta-Andregenic Blockers
Definition
Ends in OLOL
decrease the effects of sympathetic nervous system by blocking the action of the catecholamines (epinepherine and norepinephrine)
Mostly used for Classic Angina
Term
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
Definition
Used to treat variant angina
They relax the coronary artery spasm (variant angina) and relax peripheral arterioles ( classic angina)
Highly protein bound
Amlodipine, Diltiazem HCL, bepridil, felodipine
Term
Positive Inotropic
Definition
Increases myocardial contractility
Term
Negative Chronotropic
Definition
Decreases heart rate
Term
Negative Dromotropic
Definition
Decreases conduction
Term
Cardiac Glycosides
Definition
Increase myocardial contraction, which increases cardiac output, circulation and tissue perfusion
Digoxin
Term
Digoxin
Definition
Half life of 36 hours
therapeutic serum level .5 to 2.0
kidney dysfunction affects excretion
used to treat heart failure and atrial tachycardia
inhibits Na+ ATPase, increases force of cardiac contraction and cardiac output
decreases ventricular rate
Term
Digitalis toxicity
Definition
Digoxin overdose
Anorexia, bradycardia, dysrhythmias
Digibind is the antidote
Term
Anti-Dysrythmic drugs
Definition
restore the cardiac rhythm to normal by various mechanisms
Term
Cardiac Action Potentials
Definition
Phase 0- Depolarization, caused by sodium influx
Phase 1- Repolarization, termination of sodium influx
Phase 2- Calcium Influx, the plateau, calcium influx prolongs the action potential and promotes atrial and ventricular muscle contraction
Phase 3- Potassium influx, rapid repolarization
Phase 4- resting membrane potential between heartbeats
Term
Class 1 antidysrhythmic- Sodium channel blockers
Definition
1A- Quinidine=slow conduction, prolongs repolarization
1B- Lidocaine= slow conduction, shortens repolarization
1C- flecainide= prolong conduction
Term
Class 2 antidysrythmic- Beta Blockers
Definition
Reduce calcium and decrease conduction velocity
Atrial flutter is an indicator
Acebutolol- beta 1 blocker
propanolol- beta 1 and 2 blocker
Term
Class III
Definition
Term
Class 3 antidysrythmic- prolong repolarization
Definition
only used in life threatening tachycardia
narrow therapeutic index
Amiodarone
Adenosine
Term
Class 4 antidyrythmics- calcium channel blockers
Definition
decreases ventricular response by increasing the refractory period of the AV node
Verapomil
Term
Diuretics
Definition
Lower BP, Decrease edema
Increases urine flow; this inhibits sodium and water reabsorption from the kidney tubules
Term
Potassium wasting diuretics
Definition
Thiazide, Loop, Osmotic, and carbonic
Term
Thiazides
Definition
Action: Distal convoluted renal tubule
HCTZ- causes loss of Na+, K, and Mg
promotes calcium retention, elevates blood sugar- monitor diabetes patients closely
side effects include hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia- hypokalcemia and bicarb loss
Term
Loop Diuretics
Definition
Furosemide
Action: thick ascending loop of Henle
Inhibits passive reabsorption of sodium
affects blood sugar and increases uric acid
side effects are: fluid electrolyte imbalance
HYPO EVERYTHING
interacts with Digoxin
Term
Osmotic Diuretics
Definition
Mannitol
Action: increases osmolality and sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the loop of henle
prevents kidney failure
Side effects: fluid imbalance, pulmonary edema, acidosis
Term
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Definition
Acetazolamide
treats glaucoma and epilepsy
side effects crystaluria hemolytic anemia, metabolic acidosis
Term
Potassium sparing diuretics
Definition
Spironolactone, amiloride HCL
promotes sodium and water excretion and potassium retention by blocking the aldosterone action
side effects are hyperkalemia
Term
Angiotensin concerting enzyme inhibitors (ACE)
Definition
benazepril, quinapril
block an enzyme that constricts blood vessels in the body
less effective in African-Americans
Supporting users have an ad free experience!