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Typography: Anatomy
Anatomy of Typography
57
Art/Design
Not Applicable
04/09/2013

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Cards

Term
Ampersand
Definition

A stylized character of the Latin et used to represent the word and.

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Term
Counter (Aperture)
Definition

An area entirely or partially enclosed by a letter form or a symbol . Letters containing closed _________ include A, B, D, O, P, Q, R, a, b, d, e, g, o, p, and q. Letters containing open _________ include c, f, h, i, s etc. The digits 0, 4, 6, 8, and 9 also possess one.

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Term
Apex
Definition

The point at the top of a character such as the uppercase A where the left and right strokes meet is the _____. The _____ may be a sharp point, blunt, or rounded and is an identifying feature for some typefaces.

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Term
Arc of Stem
Definition

A curved stroke that is continuous with a straight stem.

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Term
Arm
Definition

A horizontal or upward, sloping stroke that does not connect to a stroke or stem on one or both ends.  The top of the capital T and the horizontal strokes of the F and E are examples. Additionally, the diagonal upward stroke on a K is its ____

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Term
Ascender
Definition

An upward vertical stroke found on the part of lowercase letters that extends above the typeface’s x-height.

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Term
Ascender line
Definition

The invisible line marking the height of ascenders in a font.

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Term
Ascent line
Definition

The invisible line marking the farthest distance between the baseline and the top of the glyph.

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Term
Axis
Definition

An imaginary line drawn from top to bottom of a glyph bisecting the upper and lower strokes

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Term
Ball Terminal
Definition

A circular form at the end of the arm in letters.  It is a combination of a dot (tail dot) or circular stroke and the curved bit (hook) at the end of some tails and the end of some arms (a, c, f).

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Term
Bar (crossbar)
Definition

The (usually) horizontal stroke across the middle of letters such as uppercase A and H . The horizontal or sloping stroke enclosing the bottom of the eye of an e is also an example.

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Term
Baseline
Definition

The invisible line where all characters sit.

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Term
Beak
Definition

A sharp spur, found particularly at the top of letters in some 20th centry Romans.

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Term
Bilateral Serifs
Definition

A serif extending to both sides of a main stroke. They are reflexive.

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Term
Body height
Definition

The complete area covered by all of the characters in a font.

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Term
Bowl
Definition

 The curved part of the character that encloses the circular or curved parts (counter) of some letters such as d, b, o, D, and B.  The curved strokes of a C are sometimes also referred to as examples, though they aren't closed.

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Term
Bracket (fillet)
Definition

A curved or wedge-like connection between the stem and serif of some fonts. Not all serifs are bracketed serifs.

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Term
Cap height
Definition

The height of a capital letter measured from the baseline.   It specifically refers to the height of capital letters that are flat—such as H or I—as opposed to round letters such as O, or pointed letters like A, both of which may display overshoot.

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Term
Cap line
Definition

A line marking the height of uppercase letters within a font.

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Term
Cross stroke
Definition

A horizontal stroke that intersects the stem of a lowercase t or f.  Although often used interchangeably, the ______ differs from an arm and a crossbar because it intersects/crosses over the stem

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Term
Crotch
Definition

An acute, inside angle where two strokes meet.

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Term
Descender
Definition

The part of the letters that extends below the baseline.

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Term
Descender line
Definition

The invisible line marking the lowest point of the descenders within a font.

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Term
Descent line
Definition

The invisible line marking the farthest distance between the baseline and the bottom of the glyph.

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Term
Diacritic
Definition

A ancillary mark or sign added to a letter.

 

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Term
Diagonal stroke
Definition

An angled stroke

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Term
Ear
Definition

A small stroke extending from the upper-right side of the bowl of lowercase g; also appears in the angled or curved lowercase r.

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Term
Eye
Definition

The closed space inside a lowercase e

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Term
Finial (terminal)
Definition

A tapered or curved end.

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Term
Flag
Definition

The horizontal stroke present on the numeral 5.

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Term
Hairline
Definition

A thin (thinner stress) stroke usually common to serif typefaces.  The thinnest part of a character in a font with varying stroke widths.

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Term
Hook
Definition

A curved, protruding stroke in a terminal. Usually found on a lowercase f.

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Term
Leg
Definition

Short, descending portion of a letter.  Differs from an arm in that strokes go downward.

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Term
Link
Definition

A stroke that connects the top and bottom bowls of lowercase double-story g’s.

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Term
Mean Line
Definition

Imaginary line running along the top of non-ascending, lowercase letters.

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Term
Serif
Definition

A stroke added as a stop to the beginning and end of the main strokes of a character.

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Term
Shoulder
Definition

The curved stroke aiming downward from a stem.

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Term
Spine
Definition

The main curved stroke of a lowercase or capital S.

 

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Term
Spur
Definition

A small projection off a main stroke

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Term
Stem
Definition

Vertical, full-length stroke in upright characters.

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Term
Stroke
Definition

A straight or curved diagonal line.

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Term
Swash
Definition

A flourish addition replacing a terminal or serif.

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Term
Tail
Definition

A descending stroke, often decorative.  Examples:  The curved diagonal stroke on K or R. The descender on g, j, p, q, and y

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Term
Teardrop terminal
Definition

The teardropped ends of strokes in letters of some typefaces.

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Term
Vertex
Definition

The outside point at the bottom or top of a character where two strokes meet.

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Term
X-height
Definition

The height of lowercase letters reach based on height of lowercase x; does not include ascenders or descenders.

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Term
1 pica = ____ points
Definition
12
Term
12 points = _____ picas
Definition
1
Term
24 points = _____ picas
Definition
2
Term
6 picas = ______ points
Definition
72 points
Term
72 points = ______ picas
Definition
6
Term
72 points = ____ inch
Definition
1
Term
1 inch = ______ points
Definition
72
Term
1 inch = _____ picas
Definition
6
Term
6 picas = ______ inch
Definition
1
Term
How is a typeface measured?
Definition
A typeface is measured from the top of the captial letter to the bottom of the lowest descender, plus a buffer space.  (60 point, 72 point etc)
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