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| a series of elemental visual signs in a fixed sequence, representing spoken sounds. Each letter signifies its elementary sound or name. There are 26 in the english alphabet. |
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| An imaginary line upon which the base of each capital rests |
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| an imaginary line that runs along the tops of the captial letters |
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| An imaginary line that establishes the height of the body of the lowercase letters |
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| the distance from the baseline to the meanline. Typically this is the height of the lowercase letters and is most easily measured on the lowercase x. |
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Definition
Optically on the baseline
body height of lowercase align at x height
tops of capitals align along the capline
no alignments are precise, adjustments are made to create the optical effect |
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Definition
| the peak of the triangle of the uppercase A |
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| A projecting horizontal stroke that is unattached on one or both ends, as in the letters T and E |
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| Stroke on a lowercase letter that rises above the meanline |
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| a curved stroke enclosing the counterform of a letter. An exception is the bottom form of the lowercase roman g, which is called a LOOP. |
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Definition
| the negative space that is fully or partially enclosed by a letterform |
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| the horizontal stroke connecting two sies of the letterform as in e, A, and H. OR bisecting the main stroke as in f or t. |
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| a stroke on a lowercse letterform that falls below the baseline |
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| a small stroke that projects from the upper right side of the bowl of the lowercase roman g. |
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Definition
| The enclosed part of the lowercase e. |
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Definition
| the contoured edge that connects the serif and stem in bracketed serifs. (unbracketed serifs are connected to the main stroke w/ an abrupt angle w/o this contoured transition) |
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| the thinnest stroke within a typeface that has strokes of varying weights |
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| the lower diagonal stroke of the letter k |
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| the stroke that connects the bowl and the loop of the lowercase roman g. |
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Definition
| short strokes that extend from and at an angle to the upper and lower ends of major strokes of a letterform. |
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Definition
| a curved stroke projecting from a stem |
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Definition
| the curved central stroke of the letter S |
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| a projection -smaller than a serif- that reinforces the point at the end of a curved stroke, as in the letter G. |
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Definition
| A major vertical or diagonal stroke in the letterform |
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Definition
| A diagonal stroke or loop at the end of a letter as in R or j. |
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Definition
| the end of any stroke that doesnt end with a serif. |
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Term
| What 4 major variables control letterform proportion and have considerable impact on visual appearance of type? |
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Definition
1. stroke to height ratio
2. contrast in stroke weight
3. expanded and condensed styles
4. x height and proportion |
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| What are the different types of characters in a font set? |
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Definition
Capitals
Lowercase
Small caps
Lining figures
Old style figures
superior and inferior figures
fractions
ligatures
digraphs
mathmatical signs
punctuation
accented characters
dingbats
monetary symbols |
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| What are the historical classifications of type faces? |
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Definition
Old style
Italic
Transistional
Modern
Egyptian
Sans serif |
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| Our measurement system for typography was developed by who? |
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Definition
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| Who introduced the point system of measurement in 1737? |
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Definition
| Pierre Simon Fournier le Jeune |
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| Measurement system conversions? |
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Definition
6 Picas = 1 inch
12 Points = 1 pica
72 Points = 1 inch |
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| How is the depth of type measured? |
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Definition
| in points and is called the point size or body size |
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Term
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Definition
| all metal type that is exactly the same height. |
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Definition
| the width of a piece of type. (varies w/ design of each individual letter) M & W have widest set width, and i & l have narrowest. |
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| What is the length of a line of type? |
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Definition
| it is the sum of the set wideth of all the characters and spaces in the line. Measured in Picas |
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| What is a quad? What are the different quads, largest to smallest? |
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Definition
A quad is the space between the words in a line.
Em
En
Thick
Middle
Thin
Hair |
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Definition
| Adding or subracting units to expand or contract the space between letters. |
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| An adjustment in the interletter space to make the interval more consistant with the other letter combinations. |
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| Who invented the typeface "Univers" |
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