Term
| Patients taking typical antipsychotics should avoid which four activities when taking them (when swallowing them)? |
|
Definition
Smoking
Coffee
Antacids
Food |
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Term
| How do typical antipsychotics affet the elderly differently? |
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Definition
| The elderly have reduced clearance rates, and are affected by smaller doses |
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Term
| How do low-potency and high-potency typical antipsychotics differ? |
|
Definition
Low-potency drugs: more weight gain & sedation
High-potency drugs: more likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects |
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Term
| How do typical antipsychotics affect positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| More effective against positive symptoms. |
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Term
| What are the three major classes of side effects from typical antipsychotics? |
|
Definition
Sedation - due to blockade of H1 receptors
Autonomic - anticholinergic and anti-α-adrenergic
Extrapyramidal reactions |
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Term
| Which two typical antipsychotics increase the risk of torsades des pointes? |
|
Definition
| Thioridazine and mesoridazine - prolong QT |
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Term
| What are the 5 hematological side effects of typical antipsychotics? |
|
Definition
1. Leukopenia (~3,500) - common
2. Agranulocytosis - 1:10,000
3. Thrombocytopenic/non-thrombocytopenic purpura
4. Hemolytic anemia
5. Pancytopenia |
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Term
| What endocrine effect do DRAs have? |
|
Definition
| ↑Prolactin - breast enlargement, galactorrhea, amenorrhea, inhibited orgasm, impotence |
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Term
| How many people are resistant to DRAs? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of antipsychotic treatment resistance? |
|
Definition
| Failure on at least two adequate trials of antipsychotics from two pharmacological classes |
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Term
| What is the psychiatric indication for lamotrigine (Lamictal)? |
|
Definition
| Maintenance therapy of bipolar disorder |
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Term
| What does the appearance of a rash in a patient treated with lamotrigine signify? |
|
Definition
The appearance of a rash is common. 8% of patients develop a benign maculopapular rash and treatment should be discontinued.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis can develop.
Cessation of the drug might not help. |
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Term
| What three things increase the risk of a rash in patients treated with lamotrigine? |
|
Definition
High starting dose and fast increase of dose
Children under 16
Concomittant treatment with valproic acid |
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