Term
| insulin secretotgogoues fucntion |
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Definition
target b-cell , potentiating insuli nsecretion
increased insuli nsec ondarily reduces glucagon levels. |
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Term
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Definition
decrease hepatic glucose output and lwoer fasting blood glucose levels
decrease hepatic insulin resistance.
will reduce hyperglycemia ut nto cause hypoglycemia. |
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Term
| THiazolidenidiones function |
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Definition
target adipose as wel las msucel and liver, increasing peripheral insulin senstiivty.
binds ppargama, which increased trnascriptio nof genes encoding proteins mediating insulin actions (i.e. glucose trnasporters, FA trnasporters). |
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Term
| a- glucosidasei nhiitors fucniton |
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Definition
| target inestinal glucosidase reducing glucose absorption. - these glucosiades digest starteches etc. into absorable monosacchrides |
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Term
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Definition
| potentiate insulin secretion by binding to recpetors on pancreatic b cells. , glucason supresison, and slwo gastric motility |
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Term
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Definition
| incrase GLp-1 and GIP. by preventing degradatio nby dpp4. |
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Term
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Definition
slow gastric emptying ,in bhit glucagon produciotn. will increase satiety, and decrease postprandial hepatic glucose output.
Amylin |
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Term
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Definition
| msot often prescribed for patients with hyperglycemia due ot insuli nresistance. |
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Term
| Metformin adverse effects |
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Definition
| ***severe lactic acidosis*** - due to decreased liveru ptake of lactic acid. ALso decreaes vit b 12 absoprtion and GI disturbances |
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Term
| Metformin contraindications |
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Definition
| dot give to paitents iwth alcohlism, hepatic disease , or predisposition to tissue anoxia - increased risk of lactica cidosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose tnaraspoted itno cell, metabolized atp released, atp closes the potassium channel. closing of potassium channel wil lcause calcium channel to open. this activated insulin granules release. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| will block potassium channel (atp dependan channel) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2nd gen sulfonylureas vis 1st |
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Definition
| have increased potency, less required les adverse effects |
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Term
| adverse effects slufonyl ureas |
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Definition
| weight gain ,and hypoglycemia (same advese effects as insulin). |
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Term
| glyburide and glipizide pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
| inactived by liver and kidney, dont prescirbei n patients iwht liver nad kidney pro blems. |
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Term
| sulofnylurease with lowest halfive |
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Definition
| glipizide, avialble in extned release formualtion |
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Term
| drug interactiosn fo s ulonyl urease |
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Definition
| effeciveneass decerased by cyp3a4, also anythign that effects glucose metabolism wil leffect efficacy of sulonylurea. |
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Term
| which drug class leadst o tolernace over time |
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Definition
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Term
| repaglinide sdtructure/function |
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Definition
| stuructally unrelated to sulfonylurease, but with same primary action. |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid absorptoin , short halfivies, indicated to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| liek repaglinide, same moa as repaglinide shorter doa. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| thiazodliendiones major site of action |
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Definition
adipose tissue, does not promoste insulin reelase, so wil lnto cuaseh ypoglycemia whe nsued alone.
weeks to months for effects to happen |
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Term
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Definition
modest weight gain, soem fluid retention, hdl/ldl choelst ant TG levels.
liver damage possible |
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Term
| rogilitazone specia lside effect |
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Definition
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Term
| glitazones drug interactions |
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Definition
| metabolized by p450 cyp3a4. also induces cyp3a4 |
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Term
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Definition
| complex olligosachride , alpha glucosiade inbhitior (microbial origin) |
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Term
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Definition
| simple sugar analog, alpha glucosidase inbhitior |
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Term
| alpha glucosidae inhibitor end effect |
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Definition
| lower postprandial rise in plasma glucose. , no hypoglycemia when used alone due to insulin effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| sulfonylureas and metformin. |
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Term
| alpha glucosidase seide effect |
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Definition
| gas due to carbfermentaiton i ncolon, also diarrhea, abdominal pain. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| approved as alternative to insulin use in typ Ii diabetes who fial emtformi nor sulonylurea. |
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Term
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Definition
| subq injection twice before meals |
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Term
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Definition
| Gi related- nause vomitting diarrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| approved for ytpe 1, Ii patients on sinsulin who have not been able to a cheiee glucose targets. |
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Term
| adverse effects of amylin agonists |
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Definition
| nausea, vomitting, anorexia, and headache. |
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Term
| pharmacothearpy for type Ii diabetes algorithm |
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Definition
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