Term
Garden City
Ebenezer Howard
combine country with city
carefully controlled environment
eliminate land speculation
self-sufficient
Radburn NJ |
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Term
David Burnham and Edward Bennett
opposite garden city
modern civic grandeur
designed to lighten impacts of uncoordinated urban growth
improve traffic health recreation and culture
focus on regional transportation
civic classicism
Plan for Chicago |
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Term
1893-World Columbian Expedition
built classical fairgrounds
"white city"
electric lights on large scale
formal monumentality |
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Term
Washington DC
grid with diagonal blvd(s)
romanticism redesign
memorial axis line
limestone/conices/collumns
influenced by columbian Exposition
(housing challenge after large expensive civic buildings) |
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Term
The Industrial City
Tony Garnier
imaginary industrial center
socialist ideas of political power and property rights
reinforced concrete
cubic severity
health utility and beauty through consistent rational approach to planning and construction
neve |
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Term
| [image][image][image]
The Futurist City |
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Definition
Antonio Sant'Elia
influenced by American Skyscrapers
assault on cultural conventions
no center or clear edge
nodes w/in service/circulation networks
fragmented unsettling
elevators on exterior to express movement
part of EXPRESSIONIST MOVEMENT
no ornament
speed/transportation emphasized |
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Term
Le Corbusier
radically different design for Paris
buildings for both aesthetic and function
light and air
geometric clarity
3 MILLION PEOPLE!!
house expresses larger societal goals
smaller footprint on ground, more stories
standardization |
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Term
Le Corbusier and peers (28 architects)
creation of new modern architecture
progressive design criticism
structure for lookse coalition
vehicle for promotion of modern design
significant changes in professional identity of architects
rational calcula |
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Term
CIAM defined town planning according to function
4 categories -- housing, work, recreation, and traffic (not culture) |
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Definition
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Term
| established codes, funds and financing procedures for public housing |
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Definition
| National Housing Act of 1902 (Netherlands) |
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Term
Michel De Klerk
1913-1919
extended traditional dutch brick in housing project in Amsterdam
varied surface textures
individualized buildings |
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Definition
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Term
Karl Ehn
Vienna 1930
Karl-Marx-Hof
strong political vision
superblock-1/2 mile long
In 1917 -- 75% were in low grade housing
1400 apartments (5200 residents)
working class fortress |
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Term
Wrote Modern Housing
orgins of housing problems
reviewed contemporary solutions
activist critic
Co-founder/leader of Labor Housing Conference
lobbied for creation of US Housing Authority |
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Term
H.P. Berlage
Amsterdam Exchange
1897-1903
contemporary needs and possibilities
simplification/elimination of historic detail
tectonic issues rather than historical forms |
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Definition
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Term
Otto Wagner, Postal Savings Bank, Vienna, 1902-04
authentically modern architecture (as opposed to eclectic historicism)
exposed bolt heads
crossing a cultural threshold |
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Term
Erich Mendelsohn
Rudolf Mosse Building Berlin 1922
no attempt to harmonize new and old structure
modernity erupts out of the shell of the preexisting building defiant and assertive |
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Definition
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Term
Louis Sullivan, Wainwright Blg, SL,1891
form follows finance
masonry vs. Steele
artistically considered building
base-shaft-capiatl organization |
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Definition
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Term
Cass Gilbert,
Woolworth Blg, NYC,
1913
building as machine for money
international style
beaux-arts movement |
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Definition
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Term
1916 Zoning ordinance
encouraged setback style/towers |
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Term
Wm Van Alen, Chrysler Blg, NYC, 1928-29
Art Deco
references to automotive design |
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Definition
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Term
| Shreve, Lamb, Harmon, Empire St Blg, 1931 |
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Definition
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Term
Howe & Lescaze, PSFS, Philadelphia, 1931-32
only American building in MOMA exhibit on modern arch. |
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Definition
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Term
| Louis Sullivan, Carson, Pirie, Scott, Chicago, 1889-1901 |
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Definition
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Term
Antonio Gaudi,
Casa Mila,
Barcelona,
SP, 1905-11
combination of rational structure, natural forms, religious visions, esoteric symbolism
massive stone faccade
wroght iron balconies meant to look like seaweed hanging from a cliff |
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Definition
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Term
Auguste Perret, 26 bis rue Franklin, 1902-03
rectilinear apartments |
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Definition
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Term
Berthod Lubetkin, Highpoint One, London, 1934
concrete
acceptance of modern arch...kinda
hostility and concern over destruction of existing architectural characture |
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Definition
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Term
Adolf Loos
Vienna
Goldman and Salatsch
differentiate between main commercial level and upper space. |
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Term
Wivi Lonn, Finland (1872-1966)
established herself professionally through school designs |
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Definition
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Term
Julia Morgan, CA (Cal-Berkeley) 1872-1957
YWCA buildings
arts and crafts movement
accepted to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts |
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Definition
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Term
Joseph Olbrich,
Secession Building,
Vienna, 1897-98
art as revolution
fidelity to historical precedents was seen as a failure of imagination
return to elemental form
juxtoposition of sphere and solid struggle between matter and spirit |
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Definition
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Term
John Russell Pope & Otto R. Eggers, National Gallery of Art, 1937
classical gravitas
legacy of the city beautiful movement
recalls pantheon in Rome
small dome to not challenge capital |
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Definition
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Term
Goodwin & Stone, Museum of Modern Art, NYC, 1939
emphasis on volume rather than mass
standardization (rather than classical concern for symmetry and axiality)
avoidance of ornament |
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Definition
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Term
Features of "international style"
emphasis on volume rather than mass
standardization (rather than classical concern for symmetry and axiality)
avoidance of ornament
majorly European
Frank Lloyd Wright
International Style=Modern Arch |
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Definition
| Modern Architecture:International Exhibition |
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Term
Team of architects: Wallace Harrison, Raymond Hood, Harvey Wiley Corbett
Rockefeller Center
attempt @ comprehensive planning
mixed use
land aquisition
RCA building -- center
public transit system (contrast worlds Fair) |
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Definition
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Term
General Motors - futurama
focus on private transportation |
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Definition
| New York World's Fair 1939 |
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Term
Philip Webb, Red House, Kent, EN, 1859
varied sizes and locations of the windows reflect internal arrangements of the rooms
surronded by gardens
movement against industrialization
built for William Morris
focus on Craft
Sons of industrialists-anti i |
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Definition
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Term
Edwin Lutyens & Gertrude Jeyell,
Munstead Heath,
Surry, EN, ca. 1900
Gardening advocate
natural gardens
English in imagery despite "freedom from precedents"
part of social reform campaign |
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Definition
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Term
Charles & Henry Greene, Gamble Hse, Pasadena, CA, 1909
bungalow style (2 stories but looks like one)
winter home
simple life
celebration of wood
integration of architecture and enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
Frank Lloyd Wright,
Frederick Robie Hse,
Chicago, IL, 1909
arts and crafts
trancendetalist
worked for Loius Sullican
in Chicago
built houses for commissions
married at 19
emphasizes horizontality
modern materials
prairie style
pro-machine
protest against apartments
archetectonic furniture |
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Term
Josef Hoffman,
Palais Stoclet,
Brussels, BEL, 1905-11
banking and art
ample funds
stoneclays |
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Definition
| [image][image][image][image] |
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Term
Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Hill House, Outside Glasgow, Scotland, 1903
Glasgow School of Art
sanitary homes
attenuated proportions
reproduced in magazines |
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Definition
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Term
Le Corbusier, Domino, 1914-45
intended to replace destroyed housing
inspired Barcelona Pavillion
simple kit of standardized parts
capable of rapid erection |
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Definition
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Term
Barcelona Pavilion
Mies Van der Rohe 1929
Inspired by Le Corbusier's Domino
demonstrated spatial possibilities in column and slab system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Le Corbusier,
Villa Savoye,
Poissey, FR, 1929
"machine" for living
reductive purism
seemed to negate gravity
carefully orchestrated progression through space
Five points of new Architecture
1. pilotis (this columns) that raised the building off the ground
2. Roof Terrace
3. Free plan
4. free facade
5. horizontal windows |
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Term
Alvar Aalto,
Villa Maierea,
Finland, 1938-9
Organic
curves (departure from axial relationships)
focus on texture wood warmth
open
attention to human scale
international style and Finish vernacular tradition |
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Term
Hans Scharoun
Vila Schminke
Saxony Germany
1932-33
focus on light and nature
included strategic skylighting effects |
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Definition
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Term
Richard Neutra,
Lovell House, LA, 1929
"health house"
advocated vegetarianism, excersize, nudism
infused Client personality
steel frame
cantilevered out |
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Definition
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Term
Frank Lloyd Wright,
Falling Water, PA, 1939
taught architecture during depression
Wright's "comeback"
revolved around 4 elements
international style/romanticism
Can't see waterfall in house
built in furniture
one great room small bedrooms |
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Definition
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Term
Buckminster Fuller,
Dymaxium House, 1927
affordable hygenic modern housing
fabricated components
anything unaccountable was irrelevant
bore no resemblance to traditional image of house
optimal technological solution to the problem of shelter |
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