Term
| Types of primary bone sarcoma. |
|
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
Osteogenic sarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing's Tumor
(M.O.C.E) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most common neoplasia of bone marrow in adults. 1/2 to 1/3 of all primary malignant bone tumors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| second most common primary sarcoma of bone (not marrow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The third most common sarcoma of the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fourth most common malignant tumor of red bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most malignant tumor of BONE
second most common sarcoma
occurs in the metaphysis distal femur, prox. tibia, prox. humerus |
|
|
Term
| Sign and Symptons of osteogenic sarcoma |
|
Definition
| first symptom is pain, swelling which may precede tumor by weeks or months; pain |
|
|
Term
| Labs of Osteogenic sarcoma |
|
Definition
| Increased Serum Alkaline Phosphatase |
|
|
Term
| Xray findings of osteogenic sarcoma |
|
Definition
typical lesion is ivory medullary lesion in the metaphysis of long tubular bone;
grows into the soft tissue "cumulous cloud appearance" aka sun ray or sunburst |
|
|
Term
| Metastasis of osteogenic sarcoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prognosis of osteogenic sarcoma |
|
Definition
| grave, death withing 18 months due to early metastasis to lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in outer surface of bone (periosteum, occurs in long bone only usually posterior distal femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be primary or secondary; most common sites are pelvis, prox. femur, prox. humerus, ribs, scapula, distal femur, prox. tibia and craniofacial bones |
|
|
Term
| Periosteal response of chondrosarcoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metastasis of chondrosarcoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is periosteal response? |
|
Definition
| attempt at new bone formation when the cortex has been broken |
|
|
Term
| What are the different periosteal responses? |
|
Definition
1. Single layer
2. Laminated "onion skin"
3. Undulating/ Amorphous
4. Spiculating/ Radiating "Lace-work" "hair on end" "sunburst"
5. Codman's Reactive Triangle |
|
|
Term
| Single Layer periosteal response |
|
Definition
| trauma,infection, congenital syphilis |
|
|
Term
| Laminated periosteal response |
|
Definition
| Ewing's tumor; osteosarcoma, tumors that grow rapidly in spurts could be an aggressive infection, runs parallel to the bone |
|
|
Term
| Undulating/amaphorous periosteal response |
|
Definition
| acquired syphilis; arterial diseases |
|
|
Term
| Spiculating/Radiating Periosteal response |
|
Definition
| osteosarcoma and periosteal sarcoma |
|
|
Term
| Codman's Reacive Triange Periosteal response |
|
Definition
| rapid, aggressive tumors, aggressive infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Multiple Myeloma - plasma cells
Ewings Tumor - red marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant neoplasia of plasma cells of bone marrow (most of time involve IgG); 50-70yrs, males get it more often |
|
|
Term
| Xray findings of Multiple Myeloma |
|
Definition
| osteoporosis earliest xray sign; focal lesion begin in the medullary cavity and erodes the cancellous bone and progressively destroys it; produces osteolytic lesions; PUNCHED OUT areas on xray, Rain drop skull |
|
|
Term
| Lab findings for Multiple Myeloma |
|
Definition
| M-Spike, Increases erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein in urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tumor of red bone marrow, originates in medullary cavity usually in the diaphysis of long bones of lower extremities (femur, tibia, fibula) can be in the metaphysis; |
|
|
Term
| Which tumor mimics an infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Ewings Tumor? |
|
Definition
| may mimic osteomyelitis (infection),secondary anemia and elevated WBC count, fever, painful in upper thigh |
|
|
Term
| Xray findingof Ewings tumor |
|
Definition
| periosteal response layering, "onion skin" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cancer has started somewhere else and spread to bone |
|
|
Term
| Common sites of bone involvement of metastatic carcinoma |
|
Definition
Active common sites where RBCs and WBCs are made:
vertebral column (most common)
pelvic bone
femoral and humeral shafts
rib cage
sternum |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common malignant tumor affecting the skeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary clinical feature of metastatic carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 types of metastatic carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oteolytic Metastatic Carcinoma |
|
Definition
70% of metastatic carcinoma
rapid growth
bone is going to be destroyed
most common primary tumors in breast, lungs |
|
|
Term
| Xray findings for metastatic carcinoma |
|
Definition
| "Wink sign" one pedicle is gone; bones most effected are: pedicles, vertebral bodies, innominates,ribs, skull |
|
|
Term
| Osteoblastic metastatic carcimoma |
|
Definition
20% of metastatic carcinomas
slow growth most common primary tumors (prostate, kidney, thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| Xray findings of Osteoblastic metastatic carcinoma |
|
Definition
increased eburmation (increased whiteness)
cotton ball appearance
can have ivory vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| Lab findings of osteoblastic meteastatic carcinoma |
|
Definition
| Increased alkaline phosphatase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tumor of fat origin
benign, soft, movable subcutaneous nodules with normal overlying skin;
perineal and retroperineal lipomas can become malignant;
hemorrhage and necrosis uncommon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant fat tumor derived from embryological lipostatic cells; occurs wherever there is fat; around joints, hard to take out surgically; attacks fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common primary tumor of the heart (75% are left atrium, very rarely in ventricles); jelly-like slimy mess usually found in muscle, but may be found in bone; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a malignant, mucoid, slimy tumor; technically not a tumor category, but the result of mucoidal degeneration of a pre-existing tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Malignant tumor; tumor arising from remnants of the notochord; avg age is 55 but can be found during infancy; occurs anyplace along the vertebral column; usually found at the sacrum or at the base of the skull,metastasis is rare; seen as expansile, destructive bone lesion on xray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign tumor of smooth muscle; mostly in uterus (known as fibromyoma aka fibroids); one of the most common tumors in the body; usually firm, encapsulated and easily removed; composed of interlaced fibers of smooth muscle with varying amounts of CT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common tumor of the female
occurs in females during reproductive years only
will regress after menopause but can also degenerate into a malignancy
mainly occurs in body of uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. irregular enlargement of uterus
2. dysmennorrhea
3. acute or recurrent pain
4. symptoms: pressures on neighboring organs if tumor is enlarged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
malignant tumor of smooth muscle
arise in pre-existing leiomyoma
low malignancy
low recurrence after removal
uterus, stomach, intestines, retroperitaneal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
benign tumor of striated muscle;
technically not a tumor
found almost exclusively in heart, neck, arms, and legs
age range 1-5 years old |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
usually develops during infancy usually affecting throat, bladder, prostate, or vagina
may occur in old age affects a large muscle in arm or leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Localized vascular lesions of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, rarely of the CNS, that result from hyperplasia of blood or lymph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(port wine stain)
A flat pink, red, or purple lesion present at birth
Common to nuchal area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most common type of hemangioma
Raised, bright red lesion that develops shortly after birth
Strawberry mark |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Red purple lesion combed of large vascular spaces
Rarely spontaneous regress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bright red, faintly pulsatile lesion consisting of a central arteriolar with slender branches that extend outward like a spiders legs, can actually see pulsate
Liver disease and b12 deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mass or plaque of degenerated thickened arterial intima occurring in atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Malignant tumor of blood vessels
Vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish red nodules on the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of hemangioma in conjunction with AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Benign tumor of lymph vessels
Congenital
Seen in lips and tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Malignant tumor of lymph vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Malignant Neoplasms arising in the RE and lymphatic systems |
|
|
Term
| Hodgkins Disease/lymphoma |
|
Definition
Produces enlarged lymph tissue, spleen, and liver
Heterogenous infiltrates
Abnormal reticulum cells, histocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils
Infiltrates found in blood vessels, bone marrow and organs such as liver and spleen |
|
|
Term
| Onset of Hodgkins Lymphoma |
|
Definition
Usually on upper class
Must have the presence of REED STERNBERG CELLS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large multihull elated reticulum cell may have one or more multiple lobed nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of Hodgkins lymphoma |
|
Definition
Unilateral lymphadenopathy, especially in cervical neck and auxiliary nodes
Node is firm and painless
Drenching night sweats
Immediate pain after drinking etOH
Pel-Epstein fever |
|
|
Term
| 4 stages of Hodgkins Lymphima |
|
Definition
1. Lymphocytic predominance
2. Mixed cellularity
3. Nodular sclerosis
4. Lymphocytic depletion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RS cells few but evident, many lymphocytes
Lymph nodes are soft and uniform
Slow progression
5% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Moderate RS cells with mixed infiltrate
Intermediate or moderate progressive
Nodes are not sclerotic
15-30% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Like mixed cellularity but Sclerosis surrounds nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Few lymphocytes
Numerous RS cells
Nodular sclerosis
Most aggressive and worst prognosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a heterogenous group of disorders involving malignant monoclonal proliferation of lymphoid cells in lymphoreticular sites |
|
|
Term
| 2 problems of NHL that is rare in HL |
|
Definition
Congestion
Edema of the face and neck from pressure on the superior vena cava |
|
|
