Term
| What are the branches of innate immunity? |
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Definition
- Complement - activated by antigen/antibody complex - recruitment of cells, opsonization, killing
- Cytotoxic NK cells** The main effector cells
- Dendritic cells |
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Term
| What is adaptive and humoral immunity? |
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Definition
- T cells - CD4 (helper) or CD8 (cytotoxic). Requires priming, high affinity
- B cells - humoral immunity - secretion of antibodies. |
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Term
| How are NK cells activated? |
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Definition
| IFN-gamma - release cytokines to induce apoptosis |
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Term
| What are antigen presenting cells? |
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Definition
| Dendritic cells - via MHC I --> CD4 cells become helper T, CD8 become cytotoxic T |
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Term
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Definition
- TSA - tumor specific antigen, not in normal cells. BCR-ABL
- TAA - tumor associated antigen, in other cells. HER2 |
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Term
| What are tumor infiltrating lymphocytes? |
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Definition
| Mainly cytotoxic T cells - correlation w/ survival |
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Term
| How do tumors evade the immune system? |
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Definition
- Downregulation of MHC I
- Suppression/apoptosis of immunocytes
- Regulatory T cells inhibit cytotoxic/helper T cells |
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Term
| What treatments are immunostimulants? |
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Definition
- IFN alpha - stimulates NK, CTLs, upregulates MHC I. SQ, pegylated, flu like sx
- Il-2 - enhances CTL and NK. IV, capillary leak syndrome |
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Term
| What is a cancer vaccine? |
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Definition
- Sipleucel T - APCs + fusion protein reinfused. For prostate cancer - IV, infusion rxns
Stimulation of ADAPTIVE immunity |
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Term
| How does Ipilimumab work? |
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Definition
- Blocks CTLA4, allowing T cells to activate.
- IV, immune rxns: rash, GI, endocrine. For melanoma
20% respond |
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Term
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Definition
- ADCC - antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- CDC - complement dependent cytotoxicity |
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Term
| How does Adoptive T cell transfer work? |
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Definition
| T cells isolated from tumor - autologous transfer to destroy tumor. Also need radiation and chemo |
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