Term
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Definition
| A chronic, recurrent, infectious disease caused by Myobacterium Tuberculosis |
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Term
| Who is at risk for contracting tuberculosis? |
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Definition
| Pte with alcohol addition, immunosuppressed pts, HIV/AIDS pts, immigrants, pts that live in crowded spaces (homeless shelters, prisons), pts without health care access, health care workers, drug abusers |
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Term
| How is tuberculosis transmitted? |
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Definition
| Airborne droplet transmission |
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Term
| How long does it take for cell-mediated immunity to develop against TB? |
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Definition
| 2 - 10 weeks after infx and manifested by + reaction to PPD test. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inactive TB but has been exposed. Goes from a -- PPD to + PPD after exposure. |
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Term
| What type of masks must health care workers use with TB pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| If immune system is strong, what happens to the bacteria in the lungs? |
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Definition
| Phagocytes engulf the bacteria, preventing the spread of disease into the lungs. Scar tissue can encapsulate bacilli and does not develop into disease. Lesions will calcify. These are visible on chest x-ray. |
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Term
| If immune system is compromised, what happens to bacteria? |
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Definition
| The tubercle bacilli can spread from lungs to other organs forming tubercles. If tubercle ruptures, bacilli spreads. |
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Term
| Risk for transmission of TB is __________ after infxd pt received proper drug therapy for ________ weeks and acid-fast bacilli in ___________ culture reduced. |
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Definition
| Reduced; 2 to 3 weeks; sputum |
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Term
| What is Miliary or Hematogenous TB? |
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Definition
| The spread of TB throughout the body when a large number of organisms enter the blood. |
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Term
| Where can TB spread to in the body? |
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Definition
| Kidneys, brain, spinal cord, bones/joints, liver/spleen |
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Term
| What are signs/symptoms of TB? |
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Definition
Pts start out with fatigue and low-grade fever. Onset is gradual of all symptoms.
Low-grade fever, dry cough (nonproductive, purulent with hemoptysis), night sweats, chills, fatigue, weight loss, enlarged painful lymph nodes, anorexia/malnutrition, SHoB |
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Term
| What are signs/symptoms in children? |
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Definition
| Slight cough, HA, fatigue. Bacteria goes to the brain in kids and they can develop meningitis. |
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Term
| What vaccine is used in high risk countries to prevent TB? |
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Definition
| BCG vaccine used in high risk countries for high risk pts. It has live activated bacilli in serum. Pt will test + for TB for rest of life. |
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Term
| What is the most reliable screening test for TB? |
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Definition
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Term
| If skin test is +, what other tests are used to determine DX of TB? |
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Definition
| Chest x-ray and positive sputum smear |
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Term
| How is TB skin test administered? |
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Definition
| Intradermal in forearm. Bevel up at 10-15% angle. Small amt of PPD is injected (0.1ml), |
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