저기요

요기요

Over there

Over here

잠시만요

잠깐만요

이에요

예요

To be verb.

If previous word ends in consonant use 이에요

If previous word ends in vowel use 예요

물 이에요

가방이에요

사부실이에요

학교예요

저예요

It's water

It's a bag

It's an office

It's a school

It's me

뭐

뭐예요

What

What is it/What is that?

이가 책이에요

이가 카메라예요

이가 커피예요

이가 사전이에요

This is a book

This is a camera

This is coffee

This is a dictionary

이가 뭐예요?

이가 핸드폰이에요

이가 물이아요

이가 커피예요

What is this?

This is a cell phone

This is water

This is coffee

이가 커피예요?

아니요. 이가 물이에요.

네 맞아요. 이가 커피예요

Is this coffee?

No.  This is water.

Yes, thats right.  This is coffee.

이, 그, 저

A speaker uses 이 when talking about something close at hand.

A speaker uses 그 when talking about something near a listener.

Also use 그 when talking about a specific thing that is not present.

ex. a specific bus.

Use 저 when talking about something far away from everyone, but still visable.

사람

이 사람

그 사람

저 사람

person

This person/he/she

The person/that person/he/she

That person over there/he/she

아니다

아니에요

To be not

I'm/you're/he is/she is...  not

저 아니에요

우유 아니에요

물 아니에요

It's not me.

It's not milk.

It's not water.

이가 우유아니에요

이가 물아니에요

저 학생아니에요

저거 술아니에요

그거 고양이아니에요

This is not milk.

This is not water.

I am not a student.

This is not alcohol.

That is not liquor.

It is not a cat.

Word ends in consonant: 은

Word ends in vowel: 는

These markers add the meaning of "not the others, just this one."

Word ends in consonant: 이

Word ends in vowel: 가

These have the nuance of "especially" among like things.  In a complex subject they mark the subject without giving extra emphasis.

가방

일하다

내일

학교

사과

Bag

To work (verb)

Tomorrow

School

Apple

고양이

호랑이

오늘

날씨

좋다

있다

Cat

Tiger

Today

Weather

To be good (verb)

To exist, To be (verb)

이거 커피예요.

이거는 물이에요.

이거는 오렌지주스예요.

이거는 뭐예요?

This is coffee.

This one is water.

This one is orange juice.

What is this one?

있어요

없어요

What can these be used to talk about?

have/exist

don't have/doesn't exist

They can talk about specific places or possessions:

I'm here/it's over there/I have a sister/Do you have a camera?

물 있어요.

물 있어요?

친구 있어요?

시간 있어요.

How do you change these to the opposite meaning?

There is water/I have water.

Do you have water/Is there water?

Do you have friends?

I have time/There is time.

Change 있어요 to 없어요.

재미

재미있어요.

재미없어요.

한국어 재미있어요.

Fun.

It's interesting.

It isn't interesting.

Korean is interesting.

...주세요

오렌지

돈

아이스크림

함버거

김치

Please give me...

Orange

Money

Ice cream

Hamburger

Kimchi

불고기

밥

맛

맛있어요

맛없어요

Bulgogi

Rice

Taste

It's delicious.

It's not delicous/It tastes awful***

*pronounced like 마덦어요

잘먹겠습니다

잘먹을게

잘먹었습니다

I will eat well.

Use with friends, means "You're treat, right?"

Thank you for the food

(literally I have eaten well.)

-그 싶어요

가다

보다

먹다

오다

I want to - (ending)

To go

To see

To eat

To come

가고 싶어요.

보고 싶어요

What is special about 보고 싶어요?

I want to go.

I want to see/watch/look

When 보고 싶어요 is used alone it means "I miss you."

Translate:

I want to eat.

Do you want to drink?

먹고 싶어요.

마시고 싶어요?

Note, 마시고 싶어요 does not have the same connotation in Korean that it does in English.  It does not imply alcohol at all.

더

하다

사다

마시다

more

To do (verb)

To buy (verb)

To drink (verb)

뭐 먹고 싶어요?

더 먹고 싶어요.

햄버거 먹고 싶어요.

What do you want to eat?

I want to eat more.

I want to eat a hamburger.

A. 뭐 하고 싶어요?

B. 텔레비전 보고싶어요.

A. 텔레비전 보고 싶어요?

B. 네.

A. 뭐 보고 싶어요?

B. 뉴스 보고 싶어요.

A. What do you want to do?

B. I want to watch TV

A. You want to watch TV?

B. Yes.

A. What do you want to watch?

B. I want to watch news.

A. 이거 사고 싶어요.

B. 이거요?

A. 네. 이거 먹고 싶어요.

B. 이거 뭐예요?

A. 이거 김밥이에요.

A. I want to buy this.

B. This?

A. Yes, I want to eat it.

B. What is it?

A. It is kimbap.

영화

여행

읽다

자다

Moive

Trip

To read (verb)

To sleep (verb)

놀다

쉬다

일하다

To hang out/To play (verb)

To rest (verb)

To work (verb)

What are the sino-Korean numbers:

1 - 10?

100?

1,000?

10,000?

0?

1. 일 6. 륙/육 0. 영/ 겅
2. 이 7. 칠
3. 삼 8. 팔
4. 사 9. 구
5. 오 10. 십

100. 백 1,000. 천 10,000. 만

Convert these numbers using the sino-Korean number system:

22, 81, 18 ,134 ,5718, 345, 664

칠십팔, 천구백팔십사, 이천삼백칠십팔

이십이, 팔십일, 십팔, 백삼십사,

오천칠백십팔, 삼백사십오, 육백육십사

78, 1984, 2378

Drop the 다 and replace with:

Verb stem ends inㅏor ㅗ: 아요

청소하다

공부하다

요리하다

사랑해요

To clean (verb)

To study (verb)

To cook (verb)

I love you

적다

잡다

팔다

쓰다

기다리다

멋있다

To write down (verb)

To catch (verb)

To sell (verb)

To write/to use (verb)

To wait (verb)

To be cool/awesome (verb)

Drop the 다, then add:

If the verb stem ends inㅏor ㅗ: 았어요

If the verb stem does not end inㅏorㅗ: 었어요

If the verb stem ends in 하다: 였어요, which becomes 했어요

어디 가고 싶어요?

What does 어디 mean?

Where do you want to go?

Where, which place

에/에서

에: at, to

에서: at, in, from

한국에 왔어요

학교에 갔어요

I came to Korea.

I went to school.

가고싶어요?

어디에 가고싶어요?

Do you want to go?

Where do you want to go?

Translate:

Where are you?

Where are you now?

어디에 있어요?

지금 어디에 있어요?

집

언제

오착하다

일어나다

아침

House

When

To arrive (verb)

To get up (verb)

Morning

오늘

너제

내일

지금

아까

나중에

Today

Yesterday

Tomorrow

Now

Earlier (today), a while ago (today)

Later

When do you use sino-Korean numbers vs. native Korean numbers?

1. Use both for telling time:  Native:Sino

2. You use native for age, except in very important cases at a very formal level.

3. Years use both, but there are different labels.

What are the native Korean numbers:

1 - 10

1. 하나 6. 여섯

2. 둘 7. 일곱

3. 셋 8. 요걻

4. 넷 9. 아홈

5. 다섯 10. 열

What are the native Korean numbers:

20 - 90, only the new 10s

20. 스물 70. 일흔

30. 서른 80. 여든

40. 마흔 90. 아흔

50. 쉰

60. 예순

집에 가요.

집에 안 가요.

집에안 가요?

I'm going home.

I'm not going home.

You aren't going home?

아직

버리다

알다

있다

Yet

To throw away (verb)

To know (verb)

To be/exist/have (verb)

그거 버렸어요.

그거 안 버렸어요.

What are the present and past forms for

지않다?

Present tense: 지않아요

Past tense: 지않았어요

가지 않아요

가지 않았어요

I don't go/I'm not going.

I didn't go.

A. 안 먹어요?

B. 안 먹어요!

A. 정말 안 먹어요? 맛있어요!

B. 안 먹어요. 배 안 고파요.

A. You're not going to eat?

B. I'm not eating!

A. You're really not going to eat?  It's delicious!

B. I'm not eating.  I'm not hungry.

공부하다

일하다

기억하다

청소하다

요리하다

(All verbs)

To study

To work

To remember

To clean

To cook

To move/To move to a different house

노리하다

노력하다

동의하다

인정하다

후회하다

To sing

To make an effort/To try hard

To agree

To admit

To regret

운동하다

사랑하다

말하다

생각하다

To excercise/To work out

To love

To speak

To think

Add 안 between the noun and 하다.

or

For negative verb form: 하다 --> 하지않다

누구

Which marker do you use if you want to emphasize the subject, and how does it change 누구?

Who

You use 가, and 누구 becomes 누가, not 누구가.

This only applies if you are emphasizing the subject of an action or state.

누구예요.

누가 전 이에요.

누가 했어요?

이거 누구예요?

누가 전화했어요?

Who is it?

Who is Jon?

Who did it?

Who is this?

Who called?

누구세요?

요부세요?

"Who's there?"  - use at the door, not on the phone.

"Hello" on the phone.

뫄

어디

언제

누구

어떻게

왜

What

Where

When

Who

How much

Why

얼마

얼마나

What is the sentence structure when using 얼마나?

How much for money.

How much with an adjective/adverb.

Use 얼마나 + adjective/adverb.

찾다

전화하다

내다

자주

크다

무겁다

To find/To look for

To call

To pay

Often

To be big

To be heavy

어떻게 왔어요?

왜 안 왔어요?

얼마여요?

얼마나 자주 와요?

How did you get here?

Why didn't you come?

How much is it?

How often do you come?

에서

부터

까지

From

From

Usually these two are interchangable, but when they aren't usually 에서 is used with locations and 부터 is used with time.

Until

B부터 했어요.

지금부터

너제부터

서울 까지가요.

From now

From (or since) yesterday

I'm going to Seoul

지금까지

내일까지

여기 에서 저기까지

여기 부터 저기까지

Until now

Until tomorrow

From here to there.

From here to there.

머리부터 발끝까지

머리에서 발끝까지

서울에서 부산까지

서울부터 부산까지

아침부터 저녁까지

From head to toe

From head to toe

From Seoul to Busan

From Seoul to Busan

From morning until evening

You can't use 에서 in the last sentence because it talks about time.  The others are interchangable.