Term
| Describe the components of a typical synovial joint. |
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Definition
1) Hyaline cartilage (skeletal connective tissues)
2) Synovial membrane
3) Fibrous membrane (dense CT). |
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Term
| Name some common types of CT. |
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Definition
1) Bone
2) Cartilage
3) Blood
4) Adipose
5) Lymphatic. |
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Term
| Where does CT arise from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the structure of CT. |
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Definition
| It consists of cells (mainly fibroblasts) far apart surrounded by ECM. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Fibres: collagen and elastin (produced by fibroblasts)
2) Ground substance: water and glycosaminoglycans. |
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Term
| Name 2 conditions regarding collagen deficiency. |
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Definition
1) Scurvy (vit. C deficiency)
2) Osteogenesis imperfecta.
3) Ehlers-Danlos |
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Term
| Name the 3 major types of fibril organisation. |
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Definition
1) 3 dimensional lattice (young skin)
2) Alternating orthogonal roles (ligament)
3) Parallel bundles (tendon) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the problem with marfan syndrome? |
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Definition
| Abnormal elastic fibre function. |
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Term
| Describe the fine structure of elastic fibres. |
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Definition
Central core: loosely cross linked elastin
Glycoprotein outer coat: microfibrills (organise the elastic core). |
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Term
| What is the difference between fibroblasts and fibrocytes? |
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Definition
1) Fibroblasts:
-Immature cells
-Produce ECM
-Mobile and undifferentiated
-Proliferate in response to injury
2) Fibrocytes:
-Mature cells
-Maintain tissue. |
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Term
| What are mesenchymal cells? |
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Definition
| Undifferentiated stem cells. |
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Term
| What is the role of adipocytes? |
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Definition
| Synthesis and store of lipids |
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Term
| What do mast cells contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are plasma cells and what is their function? |
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Definition
| They are transformed B-lymphocytes which produce antibodies. |
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Term
| Name the types and sub-types of soft and skeletal connective tissues? |
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Definition
Soft:
1) Loose:
- Areolar
- Adipose
- Reticular
2) Dense:
- Regular
- Irregular
Skeletal:
1) Cartilage:
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
2) Bone:
- Woven
- Haversian
3) Dental mineralised
- Dentine
- Enamel. |
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Term
| What is the function of areolar CT? |
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Definition
| Subcutaneous packing material. Also transports gases from blood vessels to tissues. |
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Term
| What is the main difference between white and brown adipose? |
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Definition
| Each cell contains 1 fat droplet in white adipose and multiple droplets in brown adipose. |
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Term
| Describe the inner and outer layers of synovial membranes. |
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Definition
1) Outer layer: Thin. Contains macrophages ofr fibroblasts
2) Inner layer: Vascularised. Can be loose areolar, loose fibrous or adipose. |
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Term
| What is reticular connective tissue made out of? |
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Definition
| A network of fine collagen III fibres (reticulin). |
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Term
| Where would you find dense regular CT? |
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Definition
| Lots of collagen: tendons and ligaments. |
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Term
| Where would you find hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
1) Rigid but flexible
2) Resistant to compression (contains water). |
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Term
| What is the composition of elastic cartilage? |
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Definition
1) Collagen fibres
2) Yellow elastic fibres. |
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Term
| What are the 3 CT components of a typical synovial joint? |
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Definition
1) Hyaline cartilage
2) Synovial membrane
3) Dense CT. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slow degeneration of hyaline cartilage due to wear and tear. |
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Term
| Describe rheumatoid arthritis. |
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Definition
| Aggressive autoimmune disorder where immune cells penetrate the synovial membrane and replace the hyaline cartilage with pannus. |
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Term
| What are oleocranon bursitis and prepatellar bursitis more commonnly known as? |
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Definition
1) Student's elbow
2) Housemaid's knee. |
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Term
| What is the difference between tennis elbow and golfer's elbow? |
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Definition
1) Tennis elbow is lateral epicondylitis
2) Golfer's elbow is medial epicondylitis. |
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