Term
| What makes up the brainstem? |
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Definition
| Pons , medulla and midbrain |
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Term
| What pathway carries proprioception and light touch in the spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pathway carries temperature and pain in the spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the ultimate fate of the neural crests? |
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Definition
| The dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves, the cranial nerve ganglia, the autonomic ganglia and the secretory adrenal medulla many others REDO |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the cerbral aqueduct connect? |
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Definition
| The 3rd and 4th ventricle |
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Term
| Name the two folds in the neural tube during development. |
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Definition
| The cephalic and posterior felxures |
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Term
| What is the prosencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mesencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rhombencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition can a blockage in the cerbral aquesuct cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cellular type dvelops into the dorsal horn of the spinal chord and sensory areas in the brainstem? |
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Definition
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Term
| What seperates the alar and basal lamina in the developing spinal chord? |
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Definition
| The groove known as the sulcus limitans |
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Term
| What condition is cause by failure of closure of the rostral head of the neural tube |
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Definition
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Term
| How is intensity of stimulus coded by a neurone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of sensory receptor? |
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Definition
| Nerve endings and specialised cells |
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Term
| What is the somatic system? |
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Definition
| The receptors and pathways of touch,pressure,pain,proprioception and temperature reception sensation. |
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Term
| How is a Somatosensory AP initially coded? Where is it altered and how? |
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Definition
| It is initially coded as an analogue signal at the transduction site, but is converted a short distance later along the axon at the spike generating zone wher it is converted into digital spikes |
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Term
| Which type of nociceptor is unmyelinated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are nociceptors fast or slow adapting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of receptor are nociceptors and thermorecetors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which afferents are fast, nociceptors or mechanoceptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| NB POTENTIALLY ADD MORE RECEPTOR INFO FROM TSIM 1.5 |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main systems conveying information from the body(not head)? |
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Definition
| Dorsal column and Anterolateral |
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Term
| What is the spinothalamic tract part of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wat is the name of the second order neurones of the anterolateral system? |
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Definition
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Term
| is the inner matter of the spinal chord ( ie the dorsal and ventral horns)grey or white? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sensations are carried in the medial lemiscus(dorsal column) system? |
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Definition
| Fine touch, proprioception, vibration |
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Term
| Where does the dorsal column system first synapse(brain area)? Spefically at which nuclei do the lateral and medial neurones synapse at? |
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Definition
| It initially synapses in the medulla. The medial system synapses at thye gracile nucleus and the lateral synapses at the cumeate nucleus. |
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Term
| Which fasiculus would axons from the arms run up in the dorsal column system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurone in the dorsal column system runs in the medial lemiscus(1st 2nd or 3rd)?Where does it go from and to? |
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Definition
| It is the 2nd order neurone. It runs from the cumeate and gracile nuclei in the medulla to the ventral posterior lateral nucleus in the thalamus |
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Term
| What is the location of the second synapse of the dorsal colum system? |
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Definition
| Ventral posterior lateral nucleus in the thalamus |
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Term
| What is the name of the point where the dorsal column system crosses the midline?Where does this take place? |
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Definition
| The sensory decusation, it occurs in the superior medulla |
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Term
| Were do the 3rd order neurones of the dorsal column system synapse? |
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Definition
| The primary somatic sensory cortex in the cerbral cortex |
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Term
| Does the dorsal column system synapse in the spinal chord? |
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Definition
| No, the first synapse is in the medulla |
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Term
| Where is the second synapse in the anterolateral system? |
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Definition
| Its at the ventral posterior lateral nucleus in the thalamus? |
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Term
| What is the name of the nucleus where the dorsal column AND anterolateral system have their second synapse |
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Definition
| The ventral posterior lateral nucleus in the thalamus |
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Term
| Where is the third synapse of the anterolateral (spinothalamic)system? |
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Definition
| The pysomatic sensory cortex in the brain |
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Term
| Describe the spinoreticular system? What is its function? |
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Definition
| Crosses the midline in the vertebrae like the anterolateral. However has its second synapse ath the reticular formation and is a 4 neurone pathway.Its function is poorly understood but it has some action in arousal and pain |
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Term
| Which cranial nerve recieves sensation from the face? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does all sensation from the face inititally synapse?Specifically where does Fine touch synapse, where does proproception synapse and where does pain/temp/crude touch synapse. |
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Definition
| Trigeminal nucleus. Within this, fine touch synapses at the chief sensory nucleus. Propeioception synapses at the mesencephalic nucleus. Pain/temp/c touch synapses at the spinal v nucleus. |
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Term
| How does the receptory field of a secondary neurone compare to that of a primary? Why? |
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Definition
| It is larger, due to multiple primary neurones synapsing onto a single secondary neurone, (convergence) |
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Term
| What is the phrase that describes a receptory field(of a 2nd order neurone) that generates a central excitatory zone and an outer inhibitory zone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the advantage of lateral inhibition? |
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Definition
| By inhibiting neigbouring receptors contrast and precision of the stimuli are increased |
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Term
| Which area of the forebrain is the main receptive area sensory area? Give two other names for it |
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Definition
| The primary somataosensory cortex or post central gyrus(due to its anatomical position)or brodmanns areas(1,2,3a and 3b) |
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Term
| What is the phrase used for the point for point correspondence of an area of the body to an area of the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the primary somatic sensory cortex organised? |
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Definition
Somatotopically from medial to lateral, with more sensitive area more laterally placed on the gyrus.
By modality from anterior to posterior(Brodmanns areas)
At a more detailed level it is organised by columns |
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Term
| From anterior to posterior what are brodmanns areas? Which areas recieve skin recptor information and which are more concerned with muscle/joint receptors? |
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Definition
| 3a 3b 1 2. Area 3b(main pssc) and area 1 recieve skin info. Areas 2 and 3a recieve joint/muscle infoe |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to recognise the shape of objects by touch |
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Term
| FEATURE EXTRACTION AND OPPOSING STIMULI LOOK OVER |
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Definition
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Term
| Which areas of the brain does the post central gyrus connect to? |
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Definition
| The secondary somatosensory cortex or S2 cortex located on the superior bank of the lateral sulcus. Also the posterior parietal cortex located in broadmann areas 5 and 7(just posterior of the pssc and running along the superior surface of the brain) |
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Term
| What is the function of the posterior parietal cortex? What do lesions of thsi area produce? |
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Definition
| Integration of information from differnet submodalities. Lesions will produce asterognosia and reduction in hand usage |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability to identify an object using touch |
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Term
| What factor differentiates S1 and S2 cortex? |
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Definition
| S2 is very bilaterally interconnected, both sides map both sides of the body |
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