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06/01/2006
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Term
case control study
 Definition
observational
sample chosen based on presence of dz, and controls
collect info on RFs
often retrospective
Term
cohort study
 Definition
observational
sample chosen based on presence of RFs
followed over time for dz dev

framinham: lg prospective heart study
Term
clinical trial
 Definition
experimental
ther bens of tx vs placebo/alt tx
highest qual study when rdm & dbl blind
Term
selection bias
 Definition
non random assignment to groups
Term
recall bias
 Definition
knowledge of presence of ds alters recall by Ss
Term
sampling bias
 Definition
Ss are not repr, so results arent generalizable
Term
late-look bias
 Definition
info gathered at inappr time
Term
prev =
 Definition
inc x durn
Term
prev > inc
 Definition
chr dz
Term
prev = inc
 Definition
ac dz
Term
sens
 Definition
TP/(TP+FN)
Term
sens means
 Definition
prob of a pos test if pt has dz
Term
false neg =
 Definition
1-sens
Term
what do u want for screening test
 Definition
up sens
Term
spec
 Definition
TN/(TN+FP)
Term
spec means
 Definition
prob of a neg test if pt is healthy
Term
FP=
 Definition
1-spec
Term
type 1 error
 Definition
FP
Term
type 2 error
 Definition
FN
Term
what do u want for a confirmatory test
 Definition
high spec
Term
PPV=
 Definition
TP/(TP+FP)
Term
ppv means
 Definition
prob of having condn if u test pos
Term
NPV=
 Definition
TN/(TN+FN)
Term
npv means
 Definition
prob of being healthy if u test neg
Term
what do ppv & npv depend on?
 Definition
prev determines
Term
up prev ->
 Definition
up PPV
Term
dn prev ->
 Definition
up NPV
Term
OR=
 Definition
odds of having dz in exposed group / odds of having dz in unexposed grp

(TP/FP) / (FN/TN)
Term
OR -> RR as
 Definition
prev goes dn
Term
RR usage
 Definition
cohort studies
Term
RR =
 Definition
dz risk in exposed grp/ dz risk in unexposed grp
Term
observational
sample chosen based on presence of dz, and controls
collect info on RFs
often retrospective
 Definition
case control study
Term
observational
sample chosen based on presence of RFs
followed over time for dz dev

framinham: lg prospective heart study

 Definition
cohort study
Term
experimental
ther bens of tx vs placebo/alt tx
highest qual study when rdm & dbl blind
 Definition
clinical trial
Term
non random assignment to groups
 Definition
selection bias
Term
knowledge of presence of ds alters recall by Ss
 Definition
recall bias
Term
Ss are not repr, so results arent generalizable
 Definition
sampling bias
Term
info gathered at inappr time
 Definition
late-look bias
Term
inc x durn
 Definition
prev =
Term
chr dz
 Definition
prev > inc
Term
ac dz
 Definition
prev = inc
Term
TP/(TP+FN)
 Definition
sens
Term
prob of a pos test if pt has dz
 Definition
sens means
Term
1-sens
 Definition
false neg =
Term
up sens
 Definition
what do u want for screening test
Term
TN/(TN+FP)
 Definition
spec
Term
prob of a neg test if pt is healthy
 Definition
spec means
Term
1-spec
 Definition
FP=
Term
FP
 Definition
type 1 error
Term
FN
 Definition
type 2 error
Term
high spec
 Definition
what do u want for a confirmatory test
Term
TP/(TP+FP)
 Definition
PPV=
Term
prob of having condn if u test pos
 Definition
ppv means
Term
TN/(TN+FN)
 Definition
NPV=
Term
prob of being healthy if u test neg
 Definition
npv means
Term
prev determines
 Definition
what do ppv & npv depend on?
Term
up PPV
 Definition
up prev ->
Term
up NPV
 Definition
dn prev ->
Term
odds of having dz in exposed group / odds of having dz in unexposed grp

(TP/FP) / (FN/TN)

 Definition
OR=
Term
prev goes dn
 Definition
OR -> RR as
Term
cohort studies
 Definition
RR usage
Term
dz risk in exposed grp/ dz risk in unexposed grp
 Definition
RR =
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