Term
|
Definition
| require u.s. citizens and legal residents to have qualifying health coverage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the key for employer requirements? |
|
|
Term
| employers with more than 50 employees that do not offer coverage, employers with more than 50 employees that offer coverage, employers with 50 or fewer employees exempt from any of the above penalties, Free Choice Vouchers, and employers with more than 200 employees |
|
Definition
| 5 requirements to offer coverage (employer requirements) |
|
|
Term
| automatically enroll their employees |
|
Definition
| what does employers with more than 200 employees do? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a public program expanded to all with incomes up to %133 federal poverty level (FPL) |
|
|
Term
| CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| must be maintained til at least 2019 |
|
|
Term
| american indians, coverage for less than 3 months, undocumented immigrants, religious objections, those for whom the cost plan exceeds 8% of total income |
|
Definition
| list some exemptions of the individual mandate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 public programs that are being expanded |
|
|
Term
| in the case of rape or incest |
|
Definition
| when does insurance cover an abortion? |
|
|
Term
| US citizens and legal immigrants |
|
Definition
| who is eligible to purchase health insurance? |
|
|
Term
| 2 multi-state plans/ Exchange |
|
Definition
| what is the public plan option? |
|
|
Term
| Consumer Operated and Oriented Plan |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bronze, silver, gold, platinum, and catastrophic |
|
Definition
| what are the 5 benefit tiers of health insurance? |
|
|
Term
| american health benefit exchanges and SHOP exchanges |
|
Definition
| creation and structure of health insurance exchanges |
|
|
Term
| essential benefits package and abortion coverage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| essential benefits package |
|
Definition
| comprehensive services, 60% coverage, limited annual cost-sharing, not "better than" typical employer plan |
|
|
Term
| insurance marketing and rating rules |
|
Definition
| variation based on age, premium rating area, family composition, and tobacco use |
|
|
Term
| adequate providing networks |
|
Definition
| a qualification of participating health plans |
|
|
Term
| information plan language and submission of financial reports |
|
Definition
| requirements of the Health Insurance Exchanges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the health insurance exchange effective date |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the basic health plan for the health insurance exchange has an uninsured rate of what percent? |
|
|
Term
| temporary high-risk pool, medical loss ratio and premium rate reviews (how money is spent within the plan), administrative simplification, dependent coverage (up to age 28), insurance market rules, and consumer protections |
|
Definition
| list some changes to private insurance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what in health care is no longer happening? |
|
|
Term
| Small Business Health Options Program |
|
Definition
| what does SHOP stand for? |
|
|
Term
| create an american health benefit exchange and a SHOP exchange for individuals and small businesses and provide oversight, establish program to serve as an advocate for people with private coverage, and permit basic health plan for uninsured individuals with incomes |
|
Definition
| list 3 things that is the state's role |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how long do pharmaceutical companies now have to exclusively patent a drug? |
|
|
Term
| administrative simplification, medicare, medicaid, prescription drugs, and waste, fraud, and abuse. |
|
Definition
| what are some ways to have cost containment? |
|
|
Term
| medicare, workforce, community health centers and school-based health centers, trauma care, public health and disaster preparedness, requirements for non-profit hospitals, and american indians |
|
Definition
| other health care reform investments |
|
|
Term
| the community needs an assessment every so often |
|
Definition
| what's an example of a requirement for a non-profit hospital? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how many people are projected to be covered by health care in 2019? |
|
|
Term
| $938 billion over ten years. (financed through a combination of savings from Medicare and Medicaid and new taxes and fees) |
|
Definition
| CBO estimates the cost of the coverage components of the new law to be... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CBO also estimates that the health reform law will reduce the deficit by how much over ten years? |
|
|
Term
| national strategy, coverage of preventative services (only proven ones), wellness programs, and nutritional information |
|
Definition
| prevention/wellness tactics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by 2050, how many americans will be an ethnic minority? |
|
|
Term
| disrespect and hate, contempt, tolerance, respect, and celebration |
|
Definition
| 5 attitudes about vulnerable populations |
|
|
Term
| ignorance of other cultures, arrogance about one's own culture, and stereotyping |
|
Definition
| the attitude of disrespect and hate happens with... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which attitude is neutral? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which attitude integrates differences into positive interactions? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affirmation of the positive merits of cultural differences |
|
|
Term
| health care workforce should be reflective of the US population |
|
Definition
| what is critical about the demographics of workforce? |
|
|
Term
| cancer, cardiovascular disease and stroke, diabetes, homicides, accidents, and infant mortality |
|
Definition
| 6 disparities in health outcomes for vulnerable populations |
|
|
Term
| socioeconomics, ethnicity, demographics, and patient/nurse interactions |
|
Definition
| disparities in health outcomes are often influenced by factors other than clinical care. name 4 of them... |
|
|
Term
| how can we as nurses break the cycle and reduce the disparities? |
|
Definition
| the question nurses should be asking in regards to their job and vulnerable populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who feel they cannot comfortably or safely access and use standard resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| easily exploited, powerless, or naturally oppressed. lack resources and lack access to those who hold resources. low income, low levels of education, lack of social support |
|
|
Term
| education, employment, and property ownership |
|
Definition
| by virtue of their ethnicity, minority groups generally have reduced opportunities for what? |
|
|
Term
| african americans, asians, hispanics, native americans, and pacific islanders |
|
Definition
| 5 federally defined minority groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups that live on the periphery of mainstream society, less visible, lives and health care needs are often kept secret, feel voiceless and powerless |
|
|
Term
| high-quality and patient-based care |
|
Definition
| nurse's goal for vulnerable populations |
|
|
Term
| older adults, gays and lesbians, recently arrived immigrants (russia, afghanistan, rwanda), and less recent immigrants (south america, middle east) |
|
Definition
| 4 groups of marginalized populations |
|
|
Term
| expertise of nurse, best evidence, and patient's preference |
|
Definition
| 3 categories of evidence-based practice |
|
|
Term
| social isolation and depression, safety risks, fixed income and inadequate health insurance, potential for abuse, and more chronic illnesses |
|
Definition
| 5 topics dealing with the elderly population |
|
|
Term
| vulnerable population of women |
|
Definition
| most studies done on men under age 50, different signs and symptoms of illness, may be double minority, increased stress- traditional role, and substandard housing- fear of crime |
|
|
Term
| may lack quality prenatal care, may be victims of abuse, often ambivalent toward pregnancy, risk to fetus, neonate- risk from contaminants in breast milk |
|
Definition
| issues about the vulnerable population of pregnant women |
|
|
Term
| issues for children in vulnerable populations |
|
Definition
| developmental age; lack of knowledge, physical size, exposure to environmental contaminants, risky home situation, and risk for abuse |
|
|
Term
| vulnerable population of immigrants racial/ethnic minorities |
|
Definition
| language and cultural differences, social stigma, lower levels of education, may be undocumented immigrant, more likely to practice unhealthy behaviors, and disproportionately affected with chronic disease |
|
|
Term
| immunocompromised, homeless, people with disabilities, and institutionalized-mentally ill; prisoners |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| immunocompromised vulnerable group |
|
Definition
| increased risk for acquiring and spreading infections, ineligible for some immunizations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social isolation, powerlessness, and increased risk for adverse health-related outcomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical barriers, difficulty finding employment, may have secondary health conditions |
|
|
Term
| institutionalized- mentally ill; prisoners |
|
Definition
| decisions may be coerced, choices may not be voluntarily made |
|
|
Term
| ethnic minorities receive less information about disease than non-minority groups, receive fewer screening tests, and lifestyle conditions increase risk |
|
Definition
| list 3 contributors to vulnerability |
|
|
Term
| provide quality care to all who need it, ensure access to care for all, identify factors that create barriers, develop and implement interventions that address disparities in health care, work with vulnerable populations, avoid stereotyping |
|
Definition
| what can nurses do for vulnerable populations? |
|
|
Term
| EBP/clinical research- National Institutes of Health, continue their education, volunteer work such as M-Power Ministries, and health and social factors- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (social issues such as poverty, race, education and housing) |
|
Definition
| list 4 specific things that nurses can do to help vulnerable populations |
|
|
Term
| for a long-term mutually respectful patient/provider relationship |
|
Definition
| undeserved vulnerable groups need a medical home in a setting that allows for what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what decreased because of EBP/clinical research- National Institutes of Health? |
|
|
Term
P- population of interest
I-interest/intervention
C-comparison of interest
O-outcome of interest
T-time |
|
Definition
| what factors make up the PICOT question? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a look at standards of conduct into what is good in human behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| discussion of what ought to be the right thing to do |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dialogue and interaction with patients, revealing of cultural beliefs, values, and essences, doing good |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of ethics of healthcare and the biological sciences; ethical issues that emerge in health care disciplines as well as ethical concerns in research on human and nonhuman subjects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is "good" determined by? |
|
|
Term
| a public statement of a profession's agreement with society |
|
Definition
| The International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics issued this statement... |
|
|
Term
| environmental control, biologic variations, social organization, communication, space, and time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| human nature or universal, theological truths? |
|
Definition
| what is the nature of choice? |
|
|
Term
| utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics |
|
Definition
| what are the 3 perspectives for ethical decision-making? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this belief system encompasses utilitarianism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this person believes that the ends justify the means. and that the consequences/end result is what matters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the great "happiness" principle
the majority rule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this person makes decisions out of duty and obligation. the end results are unimportant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whatever decision they make then becomes a universal law in their mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process is what is important to this person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this form of ethics is based on character-justice, honesty, courage, hope, faith |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| actions are based on innate moral traits- ex. Florence Nightingale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Florence Nightingale believed that if you were innately a good person then you will automatically know what to do in situations. She held which view of ethics? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moral character of an individual is the key to good behavior, virtue is learned by habit, virtuous people do virtuous things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| who believed that the moral character of an individual is the key to good behavior? |
|
|
Term
| autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, veracity;fidelity, and confidentiality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| freedom to make independent choices, self-governing, right to self-determination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each person is respected, each person is able to determine personal goals, each person has the capacity to decide, and each person must be free to act on personal choices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| do good, nurse must act to benefit the patient, good can be medical good or patient's total well-being, and protect the patient from incompetent, unethical, illegal, or impaired practice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| truth-telling, promise-keeping, professional accountability, practice within the scope of nursing practice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keep all personal patient information private, respect of persons, no sharing of patient information, HIPAA |
|
|
Term
1. moral integrity
2. sensitivity, compassion, and caring
3. responsibility
4. empowerment
5. patience and willingness to deliberate |
|
Definition
| list 4 positive attributes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deliberate activity that provides a systemic method for nursing practice utilizing both logical thinking and intuitive knowing |
|
|
Term
| articulate the problem, gather data and identify conflicting moral claims; analyze alternatives, explore strategies, implement the strategy and justify the selection, and evaluate the outcomes of action |
|
Definition
| steps of the ethical decision-making model |
|
|
Term
| moral distress, moral outrage, and moral reckoning |
|
Definition
| 3 uncertainties in nursing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| veracity, paternalism, autonomy, accountability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. holmes lifeboat method
2. triage or cost-benefit calculation of worth method
3. lottery method
4. equal shares method
5. equal consideration method |
|
Definition
| 5 methods of allocation of healthcare resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the values or moral principles governing relationships between the nurse and patient, the patient's family, other members of the health professions, and the general public |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is significant for ethical decision-making? |
|
|
