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| the energy required to break 1 mole of the bond in the gas phase |
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| electromagnetic radiation |
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| a type of energy embodied in oscillating electric and magnetic fields |
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| explains how electrons exist in atoms and how those electrons determine the chemical and physical properties |
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| v=c-speed of light/wavelength |
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| radio, microwave, infrared,visible, uv, x-ray, gamma |
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| equation for the energy of light is directly proportional to its frequency |
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| equation for the energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength |
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| demonstrates electron spin (ms), in experiment, they shoot a beam of silver atoms through a slit and then through a magnet, and count the number of electrons that hit a certain spot on a blank sheet |
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| Pauli's exclusion principal |
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Definition
| each electron has to have 4 unique quantum numbers |
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| Zeff (effective nuclear charge) |
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Definition
| as you move to the right across a period, it increases. this results in smaller radii, because the pull on the electrons is greater. the Zeff is what the electron is "experiencing".equals the actual nuclear charge - the number of core electrons |
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| the energy it takes to remove an electron. is always +, because it takes energy to remove an electron. TREND: increases to the right, decreases going down. it is easier to remove an electron that is farther from the nucleus because it is held less tightly. |
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| the energy associated with gaining an electron int he gaseous state. is more exothermic as you move to the right. when an atom gains an electron it releases energy. normally (-) |
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| has unpaired electrons. IS WEAKLY ATTRACTED TO AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD |
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| nodes mean that it is a more complicated shape; higher energy |
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| Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
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Definition
| limits how well we know where an electron is. 6.63*10^-34 |
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